rast

See also: Rast, RAST, raşt, and rásť

Albanian

Noun

rast m (plural raste, definite rasti, definite plural rastet)

1. chance

   Synonyms: shans, mundësi, fat

2. occasion

Declension

Declension of rast

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	rast	rasti	raste	rastet
accusative		rastin
dative	rasti	rastit	rasteve	rasteve
ablative			rastesh

German

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁaːst/

Verb

rast

1. inflection of rasen:
   1. second/third-person singular present
   2. second-person plural present
   3. plural imperative

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁast/

Verb

rast

1. singular imperative of rasten
2. (colloquial) first-person singular present of rasten

Latvian

Etymology

This word is the reflex of two different Proto-Indo-European forms: *wer-d-, *wr-ed- (“to bend, to sway”) and *werdʰ-, *wr-edʰ-, *h₃erdʰ- (“to grow; high”), both from the stem *wer- (“to bend, to turn”). Both forms yielded Proto-Baltic *red-, *rad-, from which *rad-ti > *rasti > rast.

The present tense form was derived with an extra n: *randuo > *ruodu > rodu; cf. dialectal variants ronu, romu. From the meaning “to bend, to sway” came “to raise, to obtain (by bending down to get it)” > “to obtain, to get, to find.” From the meaning “to grow” came not only the meanings of the Lithuanian reflexive form, but also those of Latvian related forms like raža (“harvest”), rasma (“fecundity”), radīt (“to create”), radi (“relatives”) and the 18th-century adjective rastīgs (“fertile, successful”). This semantic diversity also explains the divergent meanings of the derived prefixed verbs (atrast (“to find; to lose a habit, a skill”), ierast parast, pierast (“to get used to”), etc.).

Cognates include Lithuanian ràsti (“to find, to obain by searching; to notice; to determine, to establish; to happen, to be”), reflexive ràstis (“to grow quickly, strongly; to give birth; to rise, to get up; to become; to happen; to come, to arrive; to get somewhere”); from *werd- (“to bend, to sway”), also Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍉 (wratō, “to go, to travel”), Icelandic rata (“to travel, to find one's way”), Middle High German razzeln (“to turn”); from *werdʰ (“to grow”), Old Church Slavonic расти (rasti, “to grow”), Russian расти́ (rastí), Polish róść, Sanskrit वर्धति (várdhati), वृधति (vr̥dháti, “to grow, to increase”), Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós, “straight, upright”) (and perhaps also, from a possible variant form *Herdʰ, *Hredʰ-, Latin arduus (“lofty, high”), arbor (“tree”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɾast]

Verb

rast (transitive, 1st conjugation, present rodu, rodi, rod, past radu)

1. to find (to cause by searching that something (desirable, necessary) be present, in use, or in one's possession)

   rast jaunu dzimteni ― to find a new homeland

   nerast nekur mieru ― to not find peace anywhere

   rast kopīgu valodu ― to find a common language (= to communicate)

   mīļa, mīļa tēva sēta, kur mīļaku vietu rast! ― dear, dear father's (= home) ranch, where to find a favorite place!

2. to find (to discover via research)

   institūta laboratorijās rastas jaunas sveķu izmantošanas iespējas ― in the laboratories of the institute new possibilities of use for resin (were) found

3. to find (to choose, e.g., the right word, in one's thoughts)

   kā lai vārdus rod? ― how does one find the (right) words?

4. to find, to receive (e.g., help, understanding, from others)

   kur rast atbalstu? draugos? ― where to find support? with (lit. in) friends?

   viņš rod ierosmi dabā ― he finds inspiration in nature

   viņa gribētu rast apstiprinājumu ― she would like to find approval

5. to find, to start (e.g., a state, a situation, a relationship)

   rast draudzību ― to find friendship

   komponista sirsnība un vienkāršība palīdzēja rast ciešu kontaktu ar publiku ― the composer's sincerity and simplicity helped him find, achieve chose contact with the audience

6. to find (to be such that a certain mental state is caused)

   rast spēkus, mierinājumu, prieku ― to find strength, comfort, joy

   rast prieku darbā ― to find joy in work

   cik sevi vēros, vairāk sāpes radu ― the more I observe myself, the more I find pain

7. (in the past active participle form radis) accustomed, used to

   viņš nebija radis daudz domāt, tāpēc jutās noguris ― he wasn't used to thinking a lot, so he felt tired

   meitene pie grūta darba nav radusi ― the girl wasn't used to hard work

8. (rare, in the past passive participle form rasts) usual, well-known

   uz ciemu īstenībā ved ne viens vien ceļš, bet tā ir rasts un iegājies, ka tos citus vairs neizmanto ― in fact more than one road leads to the village, but it is well known tradition that the others are no longer used

Conjugation

Conjugation of rast

	indicative (īstenības izteiksme)					imperative (pavēles izteiksme)
		present (tagadne)	past (pagātne)		future (nākotne)
1st person sg	es	rodu	radu		radīšu	—
2nd person sg	tu	rodi	radi		radīsi	rodi
3rd person sg	viņš, viņa	rod	rada		radīs	lai rod
1st person pl	mēs	rodam	radām		radīsim	radīsim
2nd person pl	jūs	rodat	radāt		radīsiet, radīsit	rodiet
3rd person pl	viņi, viņas	rod	rada		radīs	lai rod
renarrative (atstāstījuma izteiksme)				participles (divdabji)
present	rodot			present active 1 (adj.)		rodošs
past	esot radis			present active 2 (adv.)		razdams
future	radīšot			present active 3 (adv.)		rodot
imperative	lai rodot			present active 4 (obj.)		rodam
conditional (vēlējuma izteiksme)				past active		radis
present	rastu			present passive		rodams
past	būtu radis			past passive		rasts
debitive (vajadzības izteiksme)				nominal forms
indicative	(būt) jārod			infinitive (nenoteiksme)		rast
conjunctive 1	esot jārod			negative infinitive		nerast
conjunctive 2	jārodot			verbal noun		rašana

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

• aprast
• atrast
• ierast
• parast
• pierast
• sarast

other derived terms:

• rasties
• (dated term) rastīgs

Related terms

• radīt
• radi, radinieks
• rasma, rasmīgs
• raža, ražens, ražīgs

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *Hraštáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hraštás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵtós (“having moved in a straight line”), from *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, direct”). Cognate with English right.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɑːst/

Adjective

rast

1. straight
2. right, correct
3. right (dexter, opposite of left)
4. true, right
5. erect
6. direct

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

rast

1. past participle of rase

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic растъ (rastŭ).

Noun

rast n (uncountable)

1. spleen inflammation

Declension

Declension of rast

singular only	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	rast	rastul
genitive-dative	rast	rastului
vocative	rastule

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orstъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /râːst/

Noun

rȃst m (Cyrillic spelling ра̑ст)

1. (uncountable) growth
2. (uncountable) height

Declension

Declension of rast

	singular
nominative	rast
genitive	rasta
dative	rastu
accusative	rast
vocative	raste
locative	rastu
instrumental	rastom

Related terms

• rȃsti

References

• “rast”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Slovene

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orstъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ráːst/

Noun

rȃst f

1. growth

Declension

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent
nominative	rást
genitive	rastí
	singular
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	rást
genitive (rodȋlnik)	rastí
dative (dajȃlnik)	rásti
accusative (tožȋlnik)	rást
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	rásti
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	rastjó

Related terms

• rásti

Further reading

• “rast”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse rǫst, from Proto-Germanic *rastō, *rastijō (“rest”), from Proto-Indo-European *ros-, *res-, *erH- (“rest”).

Noun

rast c

1. (countable or uncountable) a break (rest or pause, usually from work)

   Nu tar vi rast

   Let's take a break

2. (countable or uncountable) recess, break, breaktime (between classes in school)

   Hur lång är rasten?

   How long is recess?

Declension

Declension of rast

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	rast	rasts
	definite	rasten	rastens
plural	indefinite	raster	rasters
	definite	rasterna	rasternas

Related terms

• rasta
• rastgård
• skolrast

See also

• lov (longer break, like summer break)

References

• rast in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• rast in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• rast in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• arts, astr., tars, tsar

Tat

Etymology

Cognate with Persian راست (rāst).

Adjective

rast

1. right (dexter)

Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish راست (rast), from Classical Persian راست (rāst), from Middle Persian rāst, from Old Persian 𐎼𐎠𐎿𐎫 (rāsta), from Proto-Iranian *Hraštáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hraštás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵtós (“having moved in a straight line”), from *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, direct”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɾɑst/
• Rhymes: -ɑst

Adjective

rast (dated)

1. true, correct, right

   Synonyms: doğru, düzgün

Declension

Predicative forms of rast

present tense
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I am)	rastım	rast mıyım?
sen (you are)	rastsın	rast mısın?
o (he/she/it is)	rast / rasttır	rast mı?
biz (we are)	rastız	rast mıyız?
siz (you are)	rastsınız	rast mısınız?
onlar (they are)	rast(lar)	rast(lar) mı?
past tense
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I was)	rasttım	rast mıydım?
sen (you were)	rasttın	rast mıydın?
o (he/she/it was)	rasttı	rast mıydı?
biz (we were)	rasttık	rast mıydık?
siz (you were)	rasttınız	rast mıydınız?
onlar (they were)	rasttılar	rast mıydılar?
indirect past
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I was)	rastmışım	rast mıymışım?
sen (you were)	rastmışsın	rast mıymışsın?
o (he/she/it was)	rastmış	rast mıymış?
biz (we were)	rastmışız	rast mıymışız?
siz (you were)	rastmışsınız	rast mıymışsınız?
onlar (they were)	rastmışlar	rast mıymışlar?
conditional
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (if I)	rastsam	rast mıysam?
sen (if you)	rastsan	rast mıysan?
o (if he/she/it)	rastsa	rast mıysa?
biz (if we)	rastsak	rast mıysak?
siz (if you)	rastsanız	rast mıysanız?
onlar (if they)	rastsalar	rast mıysalar?

For negative forms, use the appropriate form of değil.

Noun

rast (definite accusative rastı, plural rastlar)

1. (dated) coincidence

   Synonyms: rastlantı, tesadüf

2. (dated) the act of hitting a target
3. (music) rast (a kind of maqam)

Declension

Declension of rast

singular plural nominative rast rastlar definite accusative rastı rastları dative rasta rastlara locative rastta rastlarda ablative rasttan rastlardan genitive rastın rastların Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular rastım rastlarım 2nd singular rastın rastların 3rd singular rastı rastları 1st plural rastımız rastlarımız 2nd plural rastınız rastlarınız 3rd plural rastları rastları definite accusative singular plural 1st singular rastımı rastlarımı 2nd singular rastını rastlarını 3rd singular rastını rastlarını 1st plural rastımızı rastlarımızı 2nd plural rastınızı rastlarınızı 3rd plural rastlarını rastlarını dative singular plural 1st singular rastıma rastlarıma 2nd singular rastına rastlarına 3rd singular rastına rastlarına 1st plural rastımıza rastlarımıza 2nd plural rastınıza rastlarınıza 3rd plural rastlarına rastlarına locative singular plural 1st singular rastımda rastlarımda 2nd singular rastında rastlarında 3rd singular rastında rastlarında 1st plural rastımızda rastlarımızda 2nd plural rastınızda rastlarınızda 3rd plural rastlarında rastlarında ablative singular plural 1st singular rastımdan rastlarımdan 2nd singular rastından rastlarından 3rd singular rastından rastlarından 1st plural rastımızdan rastlarımızdan 2nd plural rastınızdan rastlarınızdan 3rd plural rastlarından rastlarından genitive singular plural 1st singular rastımın rastlarımın 2nd singular rastının rastlarının 3rd singular rastının rastlarının 1st plural rastımızın rastlarımızın 2nd plural rastınızın rastlarınızın 3rd plural rastlarının rastlarının

Derived terms

• rastgele
• rastlamak
• rastlantı
• rastlaşmak

Further reading

• “rast”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “rast”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3940a
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “rast”, in Nişanyan Sözlük