rast
Albanian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From ra
Noun[edit]
rast m (indefinite plural raste, definite singular rasti, definite plural rastet)
German[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
rast
- Second-person singular present of rasen.
- Third-person singular present of rasen.
- Second-person plural present of rasen.
- Imperative plural of rasen.
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
rast
- Imperative singular of rasten.
- (colloquial) First-person singular present of rasten.
Latvian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
This word is the reflex of two different Proto-Indo-European forms: *wer-d-, *wr-ed- (“to bend, to sway”) and *werdʰ-, *wr-edʰ-, *h₃erdʰ- (“to grow; high”), both from the stem *wer- (“to bend, to turn”).[1] Both forms yielded Proto-Baltic *red-, *rad-, from which *rad-ti > *rasti > rast. The present tense form was derived with an extra n: *randuo > *ruodu > rodu; cf. dialectal variants ronu, romu. From the meaning “to bend, to sway” came “to raise, to obtain (by bending down to get it)” > “to obtain, to get, to find.” From the meaning “to grow” came not only the meanings of the Lithuanian reflexive form, but also those of Latvian related forms like raža (“harvest”), rasma (“fecundity”), radīt (“to create”), radi (“relatives”) and the 18th-century adjective rastīgs (“fertile, successful”). This semantic diversity also explains the divergent meanings of the derived prefixed verbs (atrast (“to find; to lose a habit, a skill”), ierast parast, pierast (“to get used to”), etc.). Cognates include Lithuanian ràsti (“to find, to obain by searching; to notice; to determine, to establish; to happen, to be”), reflexive ràstis (“to grow quickly, strongly; to give birth; to rise, to get up; to become; to happen; to come, to arrive; to get somewhere”); from *werd- (“to bend, to sway”), also Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍉 (wratō, “to go, to travel”), Icelandic rata (“to travel, to find one's way”), Middle High German razzeln (“to turn”); from *werdʰ (“to grow”), Old Church Slavonic расти (rasti, “to grow”), Russian расти (rasti), Polish róść, Sanskrit वर्धति (várdhati), वृधति (vr̥dháti, “to grow, to increase”), Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós, “straight, upright”) (and perhaps also, from a possible variant form *Herdʰ, *Hredʰ-, Latin arduus (“lofty, high”), arbor (“tree”)).[2]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
rast tr., 1st conj., pres. rodu, rodi, rod, past radu
- to find (to cause by searching that something (desirable, necessary) be present, in use, or in one's possession)
-
rast jaunu dzimteni ― to find a new homeland
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nerast nekur mieru ― to not find peace anywhere
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rast kopīgu valodu ― to find a common language (= to communicate)
-
mīļa, mīļa tēva sēta, kur mīļaku vietu rast! ― dear, dear father's (= home) ranch, where to find a favorite place!
-
- to find (to discover via research)
-
institūta laboratorijās rastas jaunas sveķu izmantošanas iespējas ― in the laboratories of the institute new possibilities of use for resin (were) found
-
- to find (to choose, e.g., the right word, in one's thoughts)
-
kā lai vārdus rod? ― how does one find the (right) words?
-
- to find, to receive (e.g., help, understanding, from others)
-
kur rast atbalstu? draugos? ― where to find support? with (lit. in) friends?
-
viņš rod ierosmi dabā ― he finds inspiration in nature
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viņa gribētu rast apstiprinājumu ― she would like to find approval
-
- to find, to start (e.g., a state, a situation, a relationship)
-
rast draudzību ― to find friendship
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komponista sirsnība un vienkāršība palīdzēja rast ciešu kontaktu ar publiku ― the composer's sincerity and simplicity helped him find, achieve chose contact with the audience
-
- to find (to be such that a certain mental state is caused)
-
rast spēkus, mierinājumu, prieku ― to find strength, comfort, joy
-
rast prieku darbā ― to find joy in work
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cik sevi vēros, vairāk sāpes radu ― the more I observe myself, the more I find pain
-
- (in the past active participle form radis) accustomed, used to
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viņš nebija radis daudz domāt, tāpēc jutās noguris ― he wasn't used to thinking a lot, so he felt tired
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meitene pie grūta darba nav radusi ― the girl wasn't used to hard work
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- (rare, in the past passive participle form rasts) usual, well-known
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uz ciemu īstenībā ved ne viens vien ceļš, bet tā ir rasts un iegājies, ka tos citus vairs neizmanto ― in fact more than one road leads to the village, but it is well known tradition that the others are no longer used
-
Conjugation[edit]
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) |
|||
1st pers. sg. | es | rodu | radu | radīšu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | rodi | radi | radīsi | rodi |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | rod | rada | radīs | lai rod |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | rodam | radām | radīsim | radīsim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | rodat | radāt | radīsiet, radīsit |
rodiet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | rod | rada | radīs | lai rod |
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | rodot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | rodošs | ||
Past | esot radis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | razdams | ||
Future | radīšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | rodot | ||
Imperative | lai rodot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | rodam | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | radis | |||
Present | rastu | Present Passive | rodams | ||
Past | būtu radis | Past Passive | rasts | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jārod | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | rast | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jārod | Negative Infinitive | nerast | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jārodot | Verbal noun | rašana |
Derived terms[edit]
- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ There is some doubt about the correctness of this Proto-Indo-European form. The Lexikon der Indogermanischen Verben (ref.?) proposes *redh- (“to appear, to arise”) as the source for this verb.
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “rast”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Serbo-Croatian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From rȃsti (“to grow”)
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
rȃst m (Cyrillic spelling ра̑ст)
Declension[edit]
singular | |
---|---|
nominative | rast |
genitive | rasta |
dative | rastu |
accusative | rast |
vocative | raste |
locative | rastu |
instrumental | rastom |
References[edit]
- “rast” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Slovene[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /ˈráːst/
- Tonal orthography: rȃst
Noun[edit]
rást f (genitive rastí, uncountable)
Declension[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Swedish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Norse rǫst, from Proto-Germanic *rastō, *rastijō (“rest”), from Proto-Indo-European *ros-, *res-, *erH- (“rest”).
Noun[edit]
rast c
- a break (rest or pause, usually from work)
Declension[edit]
Declension of rast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | rast | rasten | raster | rasterna |
Genitive | rasts | rastens | rasters | rasternas |
Related terms[edit]
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian nouns
- Albanian masculine nouns
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German non-lemma forms
- German verb forms
- German colloquialisms
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian transitive verbs
- Latvian verbs
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian first conjugation verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t
- Latvian a/o/a-s/d type first conjugation verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -zt or -st
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Serbo-Croatian uncountable nouns
- Slovene 1-syllable words
- Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovene lemmas
- Slovene nouns
- Slovene feminine nouns
- Slovene uncountable nouns
- Slovene feminine i-stem nouns
- Slovene feminine i-stem nouns with mobile accent
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns