rast

See also: Rast

German

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʀaːst/

Verb

rast

1. Second-person singular present of rasen.
2. Third-person singular present of rasen.
3. Second-person plural present of rasen.
4. Imperative plural of rasen.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʀast/

Verb

rast

1. Imperative singular of rasten.
2. (colloquial) First-person singular present of rasten.

---

Latvian

Etymology

This word is the reflex of two different Proto-Indo-European forms: *wer-d-, *wr-ed- (“to bend, to sway”) and *werdʰ-, *wr-edʰ-, *h₂erHdʰ- (“to grow; high”), both from the stem *wer- (“to bend, to turn”). Both forms yielded Proto-Baltic *red-, *rad-, from which *rad-ti > *rasti > rast. The present tense form was derived with an extra n: *randuo > *ruodu > rodu; cf. dialectal variants ronu, romu. From the meaning “to bend, to sway” came “to raise, to obtain (by bending down to get it)” > “to obtain, to get, to find.” From the meaning “to grow” came not only the meanings of the Lithuanian reflexive form, but also those of Latvian related forms like raža (“harvest”), rasma (“fecundity”), radīt (“to create”), radi (“relatives”) and the 18th-century adjective rastīgs (“fertile, successful”). This semantic diversity also explains the divergent meanings of the derived prefixed verbs (atrast (“to find; to lose a habit, a skill”), pierast (“to get used”), etc.). Cognates include Lithuanian ràsti (“to find, to obain by searching; to notice; to determine, to establish; to happen, to be”), reflexive ràstis (“to grow quickly, strongly; to give birth; to rise, to get up; to become; to happen; to come, to arrive; to get somewhere”); from *werd- (“to bend, to sway”), also Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍉 (wratō, “to go, to travel”), Icelandic rata (“to travel, to find one's way”), Middle High German razzeln (“to turn”); from *werdʰ (“to grow”), Old Church Slavonic расти (rasti, “to grow”), Russian расти (rasti), Polish rość, Sanskrit वर्धति (várdhati), वृधति (vr̥dháti, “to grow, to increase”), Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthos, “straight, upright”) (and perhaps also, from a possible variant form *Herdʰ, *Hredʰ-, Latin arduus (“lofty, high”), arbor (“tree”)).

However, there is no trace of the *w in all of Balto-Slavic, which, even if explainable through regular loss in word-initial *wr- (clear evidence for a svarabhakti variant is lacking, though, so even *wred(h)- is only conjecture and an ultimately unjustified reconstruction), should be evident in some related form, at least zero grades. Therefore, it is likely that the forms with *w are unrelated. The Lexikon der Indogermanischen Verben derives Balto-Slavic *rad- simply from a Proto-Indo-European verbal root *redh- "appear, arise".

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɾast]

Verb

rast tr., 1st conj., pres. rodu, rodi, rod, past radu

1. to find (to cause by searching that something (desirable, necessary) be present, in use, or in one's possession)

   rast jaunu dzimteni — to find a new homeland

   nerast nekur mieru — to not find peace anywhere

   rast kopīgu valodu — to find a common language (= to communicate)

   mīļa, mīļa tēva sēta, kur mīļaku vietu rast! — dear, dear father's (= home) ranch, where to find a favorite place!

2. to find (to discover via research)

   institūta laboratorijās rastas jaunas sveķu izmantošanas iespējas — in the laboratories of the institute new possibilities of use for resin (were) found

3. to find (to choose, e.g., the right word, in one's thoughts)

   kā lai vārdus rod? — how does one find the (right) words?

4. to find, to receive (e.g., help, understanding, from others)

   kur rast atbalstu? draugos? — where to find support? with (lit. in) friends?

   viņš rod ierosmi dabā — he finds inspiration in nature

   viņa gribētu rast apstiprinājumu — she would like to find approval

5. to find, to start (e.g., a state, a situation, a relationship)

   rast draudzību — to find friendship

   komponista sirsnība un vienkāršība palīdzēja rast ciešu kontaktu ar publiku — the composer's sincerity and simplicity helped him find, achieve chose contact with the audience

6. to find (to be such that a certain mental state is caused)

   rast spēkus, mierinājumu, prieku — to find strength, comfort, joy

   rast prieku darbā — to find joy in work

   cik sevi vēros, vairāk sāpes radu — the more I observe myself, the more I find pain

7. (in the past active participle form radis) accustomed, used to

   viņš nebija radis daudz domāt, tāpēc jutās noguris — he wasn't used to thinking a lot, so he felt tired

   meitene pie grūta darba nav radusi — the girl wasn't used to hard work

8. (rare, in the past passive participle form rasts) usual, well-known

   uz ciemu īstenībā ved ne viens vien ceļš, bet tā ir rasts un iegājies, ka tos citus vairs neizmanto — in fact more than one road leads to the village, but it is well known tradition that the others are no longer used

Conjugation

conjugation of rast

	INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme)				IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
		Present (tagadne)	Past (pagātne)	Future (nākotne)
1st pers. sg.	es	rodu	radu	radīšu	—
2nd pers. sg.	tu	rodi	radi	radīsi	rodi
3rd pers. sg.	viņš, viņa	rod	rada	radīs	lai rod
1st pers. pl.	mēs	rodam	radām	radīsim	radīsim
2nd pers. pl.	jūs	rodat	radāt	radīsiet, radīsit	rodiet
3rd pers. pl.	viņi, viņas	rod	rada	radīs	lai rod
CONJUNCTIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme)			PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present	rodot		Present Active 1 (Adj.)		rodošs
Past	esot radis		Present Active 2 (Adv.)		razdams
Future	radīšot		Present Active 3 (Adv.)		rodot
Imperative	lai rodot		Present Active 4 (Obj.)		rodam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme)			Past Active		radis
Present	rastu		Present Passive		rodams
Past	būtu radis		Past Passive		rasts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme)			NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative	(būt) jārod		Infinitive (nenoteiksme)		rast
Conjunctive 1	esot jārod		Negative Infinitive		nerast
Conjunctive 2	jārodot		Verbal noun		rašana

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

aprast atrast

ierast parast

pierast sarast

other derived terms:

• rasties
• (dated term) rastīgs

Related terms

• radīt
• radi, radinieks
• rasma, rasmīgs
• raža, ražens, ražīgs

---

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From rȃsti (“to grow”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /râːst/

Noun

rȃst m (Cyrillic spelling ра̑ст)

1. (uncountable) growth

Declension

    declension of rast

	singular
nominative	rast
genitive	rasta
dative	rastu
accusative	rast
vocative	raste
locative	rastu
instrumental	rastom

---

Slovene

Noun

rast f (^??? please provide the genitive!, ^??? please provide the nominative plural!)

1. growth

---

Swedish

Noun

rast c

1. a break (rest or pause, usually from work)

Declension

Declension of rast

	singular		plural
Common	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	rast	rasten	raster	rasterna
genitive	rasts	rastens	rasters	rasternas

Related terms

• rasta
• rastgård
• skolrast