Jump to content

rasti

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: rastii, rastî, Rastî, and rästi

Finnish

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Possibly extracted from ristiin rastiin.[1] See risti for more.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈrɑsti/, [ˈrɑ̝s̠ti]
  • Rhymes: -ɑsti
  • Syllabification(key): ras‧ti
  • Hyphenation(key): ras‧ti

Noun

[edit]

rasti

  1. X, cross, saltire (not as a heraldic term) (mark or sign that resembles the letter X)
    Synonyms: kruksi, ruksi, vinoristi, äksä
  2. (orienteering) checkpoint
  3. bugloss (plant of the genus Anchusa)
  4. (aviation) fix (non-waypoint terrain feature used to make a determination of location)
Usage notes
[edit]

rasti typically refers to a tilted cross (🞪). For the horizontal symbol (🞣), see risti.

Declension
[edit]
Inflection of rasti (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative rasti rastit
genitive rastin rastien
partitive rastia rasteja
illative rastiin rasteihin
singular plural
nominative rasti rastit
accusative nom. rasti rastit
gen. rastin
genitive rastin rastien
partitive rastia rasteja
inessive rastissa rasteissa
elative rastista rasteista
illative rastiin rasteihin
adessive rastilla rasteilla
ablative rastilta rasteilta
allative rastille rasteille
essive rastina rasteina
translative rastiksi rasteiksi
abessive rastitta rasteitta
instructive — rastein
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of rasti (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative rastini rastini
accusative nom. rastini rastini
gen. rastini
genitive rastini rastieni
partitive rastiani rastejani
inessive rastissani rasteissani
elative rastistani rasteistani
illative rastiini rasteihini
adessive rastillani rasteillani
ablative rastiltani rasteiltani
allative rastilleni rasteilleni
essive rastinani rasteinani
translative rastikseni rasteikseni
abessive rastittani rasteittani
instructive — —
comitative — rasteineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative rastisi rastisi
accusative nom. rastisi rastisi
gen. rastisi
genitive rastisi rastiesi
partitive rastiasi rastejasi
inessive rastissasi rasteissasi
elative rastistasi rasteistasi
illative rastiisi rasteihisi
adessive rastillasi rasteillasi
ablative rastiltasi rasteiltasi
allative rastillesi rasteillesi
essive rastinasi rasteinasi
translative rastiksesi rasteiksesi
abessive rastittasi rasteittasi
instructive — —
comitative — rasteinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative rastimme rastimme
accusative nom. rastimme rastimme
gen. rastimme
genitive rastimme rastiemme
partitive rastiamme rastejamme
inessive rastissamme rasteissamme
elative rastistamme rasteistamme
illative rastiimme rasteihimme
adessive rastillamme rasteillamme
ablative rastiltamme rasteiltamme
allative rastillemme rasteillemme
essive rastinamme rasteinamme
translative rastiksemme rasteiksemme
abessive rastittamme rasteittamme
instructive — —
comitative — rasteinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative rastinne rastinne
accusative nom. rastinne rastinne
gen. rastinne
genitive rastinne rastienne
partitive rastianne rastejanne
inessive rastissanne rasteissanne
elative rastistanne rasteistanne
illative rastiinne rasteihinne
adessive rastillanne rasteillanne
ablative rastiltanne rasteiltanne
allative rastillenne rasteillenne
essive rastinanne rasteinanne
translative rastiksenne rasteiksenne
abessive rastittanne rasteittanne
instructive — —
comitative — rasteinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative rastinsa rastinsa
accusative nom. rastinsa rastinsa
gen. rastinsa
genitive rastinsa rastiensa
partitive rastiaan
rastiansa 		rastejaan
rastejansa
inessive rastissaan
rastissansa 		rasteissaan
rasteissansa
elative rastistaan
rastistansa 		rasteistaan
rasteistansa
illative rastiinsa rasteihinsa
adessive rastillaan
rastillansa 		rasteillaan
rasteillansa
ablative rastiltaan
rastiltansa 		rasteiltaan
rasteiltansa
allative rastilleen
rastillensa 		rasteilleen
rasteillensa
essive rastinaan
rastinansa 		rasteinaan
rasteinansa
translative rastikseen
rastiksensa 		rasteikseen
rasteiksensa
abessive rastittaan
rastittansa 		rasteittaan
rasteittansa
instructive — —
comitative — rasteineen
rasteinensa
Derived terms
[edit]
compounds
[edit]

Further reading

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈrɑsti/, [ˈrɑ̝s̠ti] (third-person indicative)
  • IPA(key): /ˈrɑstiˣ/, [ˈrɑ̝s̠ti(ʔ)] (imperative, indicative connegative)
  • Rhymes: -ɑsti
  • Syllabification(key): ras‧ti
  • Hyphenation(key): ras‧ti

Verb

[edit]

rasti

  1. inflection of rastia:
    1. third-person singular past indicative
    2. present active indicative connegative
    3. second-person singular present imperative
    4. second-person singular present active imperative connegative

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

Anagrams

[edit]

Latvian

[edit]

Participle

[edit]

rasti

  1. nominative plural masculine of rasts

Lithuanian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rad-; compare Latvian rast. Can be connected with Proto-Slavic *rodìti (“give birth”); compare the reflexive, rastis (“appear, arise”).[1] Related to rasmė (“yield, harvest”).

There are two conflicting etymologies of this root. The first connects it with Proto-Germanic *rēdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to arrange”); cf. ródyti. The second is a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥-edʰ- < *wer- (“twist, turn”); compare Slovene vȏrdati (“rummage, ransack”) < Proto-Slavic *vъrdati, Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍉𐌽 (wratōn, “wander”), Old Norse rata (“find one's way”).[2]

Both etymologies are formally difficult, therefore we may in fact be dealing with a root *Hrodʰ-, unique to Balto-Slavic.[3]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

ràsti (third-person present tense rañda, third-person past tense rãdo)

  1. (transitive, with accusative or genitive) find, discover
    Àš vakar̃ neradaũ kẽlio pàs jùs. - I couldn't find the way to your place yesterday.
  2. (about feelings, etc.) acquire, get
    Màno miñtys nerañda ãtilsio. - My thoughts find no rest.

Conjugation

[edit]
Conjugation of rasti
singular vienaskaita plural daugiskaita
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
aš tu jis/ji mes jūs jie/jos
indicative
tiesioginė
nuosaka
 present
esamasis laikas
 randù randi̇̀ rañda rañdame
rañdam 		rañdate
rañdat 		rañda
past
būtasis kartinis
laikas
 radaũ radai̇̃ rãdo rãdome
rãdom 		rãdote
rãdot 		rãdo
past frequentative
būtasis dažninis
laikas
 ràsdavau ràsdavai ràsdavo ràsdavome
ràsdavom 		ràsdavote
ràsdavot 		ràsdavo
future
būsimasis laikas
 ràsiu ràsi ràs ràsime
ràsim 		ràsite
ràsit 		ràs
subjunctive
tariamoji nuosaka
 ràsčiau ràstum
ràstumei 		ràstų ràstumėme
ràstumėm
ràstume 		ràstumėte
ràstumėt 		ràstų
imperative
liepiamoji nuosaka
 — ràsk
ràski 		terañda
terañdie 		ràskime
ràskim 		ràskite
ràskit 		terañda
terañdie
Participles of rasti
adjectival
active passive
present rañdąs
rañdantis 		rañdamas
past rãdęs ràstas
past frequentative ràsdavęs —
future ràsiąs
ràsiantis 		ràsimas
participle of necessity — ràstinas
adverbial
special (pusdalyvis) ràsdamas
half-participle
(padalyviai) 		present rañdant
past rãdus
past frequentative ràsdavus
future ràsiant
manner of action (būdinys) ràste
ràstinai

Derived terms

[edit]
prefixed forms of rasti

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007), “ràsti”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language]‎[2] (in Polish), Vilnius: Vilnius University, page 500
  2. ^ Zhanna Varbot (1980), “К реконструкции и этимологии некоторых праславянских глагольных основ и отглагольных имен. VIII (*vъrdati, *sęčati, *plęgti, *kužati и *kuža, *mъrx-/*mьrx- и *myrěti, *plixati) [Towards a reconstruction and etymology of certain Proto-Slavic verbal bases and derivatives]”, in Этимология 1978, Moscow, page 19: “*vъrdati”.
  3. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 437

Serbo-Croatian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *orsti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er-. Compare Russian расти (rasti).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /rǎːsti/
  • Hyphenation: ra‧sti

Verb

[edit]

rásti impf (Cyrillic spelling ра́сти)

  1. (intransitive) to grow
  2. (intransitive) to increase
  3. (intransitive) to accrue, to accumulate

Conjugation

[edit]
Conjugation of rasti
infinitive rasti
present verbal adverb rástūći
past verbal adverb rástāvši
verbal noun rástēnje
singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
present rástēm / rástem rástēš / rásteš rástē / ráste rástēmo / rástemo rástēte / rástete rástū
future future I rȃst ću1
rášću 		rȃst ćeš1
rášćeš 		rȃst će1
rášće 		rȃst ćemo1
rášćemo 		rȃst ćete1
rášćete 		rȃst ćē1
rášćē
future II bȕdēm rȃstao2 bȕdēš rȃstao2 bȕdē rȃstao2 bȕdēmo rásli / rȃsli2 bȕdēte rásli / rȃsli2 bȕdū rásli / rȃsli2
past perfect rȃstao sam2 rȃstao si2 rȃstao je2 rásli / rȃsli smo2 rásli / rȃsli ste2 rásli / rȃsli su2
pluperfect3 bȉo sam rȃstao2 bȉo si rȃstao2 bȉo je rȃstao2 bíli smo rásli / rȃsli2 bíli ste rásli / rȃsli2 bíli su rásli / rȃsli2
aorist rástoh rȃste rȃste rástosmo rástoste rástošē / rástoše
imperfect rástijāh rástijāše rástijāše rástijāsmo rástijāste rástijāhū / rástijāhu
conditional conditional I rȃstao bih2 rȃstao bi2 rȃstao bi2 rásli / rȃsli bismo2 rásli / rȃsli biste2 rásli / rȃsli bi2
conditional II4 bȉo bih rȃstao2 bȉo bi rȃstao2 bȉo bi rȃstao2 bíli bismo rásli / rȃsli2 bíli biste rásli / rȃsli2 bíli bi rásli / rȃsli2
imperative — rásti — rástimo rástite —
active past participle rȃstao m / rásla f / ráslo / rȃslo n rásli / rȃsli m / rásle / rȃsle f / rásla / rȃsla n

1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
  *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • “rasti”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Slovene

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *orsti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er-.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ràːsti/
  • Hyphenation: rás‧ti

Verb

[edit]

rásti impf

  1. (intransitive) to grow
  2. (intransitive) to increase

Conjugation

[edit]
Obstruent + -ti -em (AP b)
infinitive rásti
1st singular rástem, rásem
infinitive rásti rȁst
supine rȃst
verbal noun —
participle converb
present rastọ̄č, rasọ̄č —
past rȃščen —
l-participle masculine feminine neuter
singular rȃstəł, rȃsəł rástla, rásla rástlo, ráslo
dual rástla, rásla rástli, rásli rástli, rásli
plural rástli, rásli rástle, rásle rástla, rásla
present imperative
1st singular rástem, rásem —
2nd singular rásteš, ráseš rásti, rási
3rd singular ráste, ráse —
1st dual rásteva, ráseva rástiva, rásiva
2nd dual rásteta, ráseta rástita, rásita
3rd dual rásteta, ráseta —
1st plural rástemo, rásemo rástimo, rásimo
2nd plural rástete, rásete rástite, rásite
3rd plural rástejo, rásejo, rastọ́, rasọ́ —

Derived terms

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • “rasti”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • “rasti”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=rasti&oldid=90898438"