ار

See also: ـار, آر, أر, از, and اَز

Azerbaijani

Noun

ار (ər) (definite accusative اری (əri), plural ارلر (ərlər))

1. Arabic spelling of ər

Declension

Declension of ار

	singular	plural
nominative	ار	ارلر
definite accusative	اری	ارلری
dative	اره	ارلره
locative	ارده	ارلرده
ablative	اردن	ارلردن
definite genitive	ارین	ارلرین

Karakhanid

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ēr, compare Turkmen är, Uyghur ئەر (er), Uzbek and Salar er, Old Turkic 𐰼 (r²), Khalaj hər, Kyrgyz, Yakut, and Nogai эр (ér), Old Anatolian Turkish ار (er); whence Azerbaijani ər, Turkish er.

Noun

اَرْ (er) (accusative اَرْنٖی (erni), plural اَرانْ (eren))

1. man

Descendants

• Chagatai: ایر (er)
  • Uyghur: ئەر (er)
    • Ili Turki: er
  • Uzbek: er

Further reading

• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 35
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “er”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 192

Etymology 2

Clauson transcribes as "ïr", Besim Atalay instead transcribes as "ir". Clauson suggests an onomatopoeic origin, he also considers a connection with Proto-Turkic *ār (“shame”), which is more likely an Arabic borrowing.

Adjective

اِرْ (ir or ïr)

1. ashamed

   اَرْ اِرْ بُلْدٖی ― er ir boldï ― the man became ashamed

Further reading

• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 36
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ır”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 192

Old Anatolian Turkish

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ēr, compare Turkmen är, Uyghur ئەر (er), Karakhanid اَرْ (er), Uzbek and Salar er, Old Turkic 𐰼 (r²), Khalaj hər, Kyrgyz, Yakut, and Nogai эр (ér).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛr/, /er/

Noun

اَرْ • (er or ẹr) (definite accusative اری (eri or ẹri), plural ارلر (erler or ẹrler) or (rare) ارن (ẹren or eren))

1. man, an adult male human.
   • 14th Century, anonymous author, Dresden manuscript: Kitāb-ı Dedem Ḳorḳud Alā Lisān-ı Tāife-i Oġuzān, page 1:

     رسول عليه اليلام زماننه ياقين بيات بوتندن قورقود اتا ديرلر بر ار قوپدي

     resūl 'eleyhis-selām zemānına yaqın bayat boyından qorqut ata dẹrler bir er qopdı

     near the time of Prophet (peace be upon him), from the Bayat tribe, they call him Qorqut Ata, a man appeared

   • 1330, Âşık Paşa, Garibnâme:

     بر ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺖ وار اری التور حقّا
     بر ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺖ وار قلان ديندن چقا

     bir qenāʼet var eri ẹltür ḥaqqa
     bir qenāʼet var qılan dīnden çıqa

     there is a belief that delivers a man to the Lord
     there is a belief who commits it becomes a heretic

   Synonym: اركك (ẹrkek)

   ار ایدر: ― er eydür: ― the man says:

   اناسی اری اوردی ― anası eri ẹverdi ― his mom gave the man in marriage

2. person, human, regardless of gender or sex, usually an adult.
   • 14th Century, Tabiatnâme‎^[1], page 12a:

     بركدر جسمي صوغلجاني سورر
     تندرست ايدر اري اي پر هنر

     berkidür cismi soġulcanı sürer
     tendürüst ẹder eri ẹy pür hüner

     it makes the body stronger, banishes the worms
     it makes a person healthy o dexterous [person]!

   Synonyms: كشی (kişi, gişi), آدم (ādem)

   دكمه ار فانیدر ― degme er fānīdür ― every man/person is mortal

3. husband, man, male spouse, a man in a marriage or marital relationship, especially in relation to his spouse.
   • 1401, Quran (interlinear translation), page 35b:

     (please add the primary text of this quotation)

     qarınlarında eger īmān gẹtürmiş olsalar teŋriye qiyāmet günine daḫı daḫı erleri ḥeqqdür anları qaytarmaġa anda ṣulḥ dileseler

     if they believe in God and the Last Day in their hearts, And their husbands reserve the right to take them back within that period if they desire reconciliation

   Synonym: بك (beg)

4. brave man, hero, a man who possesses great bravery and carries out extraordinary or noble deeds

   Synonyms: ارن (eren), بهادر (behādur), یكیت (yigit), باتور (bātūr)

5. (religion, mysticism) a Bektashi sheikh

Derived terms

• ار اوغلان (er oġlan, “boy”)
• ار دلمك (er dilemek, “to challenge”)
• ار عورت (er ʼevret, “a marital couple”)
• ار قرداش (er qardaş)
• ار قوشی (er quşı, “owl”)
• ار كشی (er kişi, “man”)
• ارجه (erce, “in a manly manner”)
• ارسی (ersi, “manly”)
• ارلك (erlik, “manhood”)
• ارلنمك (erlenmek, “to get married to a man”)
• ارلو (erlü, “having a husband”)
• ارن (eren, “hero”)
• ارنه (erene, “in a manly manner”)
• اره كتمك (ere gẹtmek, “to get married to a man”)
• اره وارمق (ere varmaq, “to get married to a man”)
• اره ویرمك (ere vẹrmek, “to make married to a man”)
• داوار اری (davar eri, “shepherd”)
• كمی اری (gemi eri, “sailor”)
• یر اری (yẹr eri, “man of his land”)
• یول اری (yol eri, “traveler”)

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: ər
• Ottoman Turkish: ار (er)
  • Turkish: er

Further reading

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “er”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• “er”, in XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎^[2] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1977
• Kanar, Mehmet (2018) “er”, in Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Sözlüğü [Old Anatolian Turkish Dictionary] (in Turkish), 2nd edition, Istanbul: Say Yayınları, page 258
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “ار”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, pages 1458-1459

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adverb

ار • (ẹr)

1. Alternative spelling of ایر (ẹr, “early”)

Further reading

• “er”, in XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎^[3] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1977
• Kanar, Mehmet (2018) “er”, in Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Sözlüğü [Old Anatolian Turkish Dictionary] (in Turkish), 2nd edition, Istanbul: Say Yayınları, page 258

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

ار • (ır) (definite accusative اری (ırı), plural ارلر (ırlar))

1. Alternative spelling of ایر (ır, “song”)

Further reading

• “ır”, in XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎^[4] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1977
• Kanar, Mehmet (2018) “ır”, in Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Sözlüğü [Old Anatolian Turkish Dictionary] (in Turkish), 2nd edition, Istanbul: Say Yayınları

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish ار (är), Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”).

Noun

اَر • (er)

1. man (male person)
2. husband

Derived terms

• اَرطوغان (Erdoğan)

Descendants

• Turkish: er

Etymology 2

Adjective

ار • (er)

1. Alternative form of ایر (“early”)

References

• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “ار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[5], Constantinople: Mihran, page 64
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 55

Persian

Dari	ار
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ар

Alternative forms

• اگر (agar) (formal)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔaɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔäɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔäɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	ar
Dari reading?	ar
Iranian reading?	ar
Tajik reading?	ar

Conjunction

ار • (ar)

1. (poetic) if