Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ǟr

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ẹ̄r

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

This root, according to Yegorov (1964), is one of the oldest Turkic words and it is registered in almost all Turkic languages.

The plural form, *ǟrän, is compared to Mongolian ᠠᠷᠠᠨ (aran) by Nişanyan.

Noun

*ǟr

1. man

Declension

Declension of *ǟr

	singular 3)
nominative	*ǟr
accusative	*ǟrig, *ǟrni1)
genitive	*ǟrniŋ
dative	*ǟrke
locative	*ǟrte
ablative	*ǟrten
allative	*ǟrgerü
instrumental 2)	*ǟrin
equative 2)	*ǟrče
similative 2)	*ǟrleyü
comitative 2)	*ǟrligü

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Alternative reconstructions

• *är, *hǟr, *här
• *pärä (by Doerfer)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: ар (ar)
• Proto-Common Turkic:
  • → Proto-Mongolic: *ere (see there for further descendants)

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: hər
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: ار (er)
    • Azerbaijani: ər
    • Ottoman Turkish: ار (er)
      • Turkish: er
  • Turkmen: är
  • Salar: er
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: اَرْ (er)
    • Chagatai: ایر (er)
      • Uyghur: ئەر (er)
        • Ili Turki: er
      • Uzbek: er
• Kypchak:
  • North Kypchak:
    • Bashkir: ир (er)
    • Tatar: ир (ir)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kipchak-Nogai:
      • Karakalpak: er
      • Kazakh: ер (er)
      • Nogai: эр (ér)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: эр (er)
      • Southern Altai: эр (er)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: er
    • Karachay-Balkar: эр (er)
    • Karaim:
      • Cyrillic script: эр
      • Latin script: er
    • Kumyk: эр (er)
• Siberian Turkic:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰼 (er)
  • Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽾 (ʾr /⁠er⁠/)
    • Western Yugur: erə (erï)
      • ⇒ Western Yugur: eren (eren, “husband”)
    • ⇒ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽱𐽽𐽶 (ʾr ʾvcy /⁠er-evči⁠/, “wife and husband”, literally “man and the house-person”)
      • Western Yugur: erehpdʐi (ereʰpǯi, “married couple”)
  • North Siberian Turkic:
    • Dolgan: эр
    • Yakut: эр (er)
  • South Siberian Turkic:
    • Sayan:
      • Tofa: эр
      • Tuvan: эр (er) (Kyzyl, Soyot)
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: ир (ir)
      • Shor: эр
    • Northern Altai: эр (er)

• ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *ǟrän (“men”) (the irregular plural form)

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: ارن (eren), ایرن (ẹren)
    • Azerbaijani: ərən
    • Ottoman Turkish: ارن (eren)
      • Turkish: eren
• Kipchak:
  • Kazakh: ерен (eren)
• Siberian Turkic:
  • Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽺 (ʾrʾn /⁠eren⁠/)

References

• Karachay-Balkar Vocabulary of Proto-Turkic Origin, Volume 7 Studia turcologica Cracoviensia, Jagiellonian University, 2000. ISSN 1425-1973.
• Clauson, Gerard (1972), “er”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 192