Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/HáHtr̥š

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtr̥š, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₁ter- (“fire”) (whence also possibly related to Latin āter (“dark, black”), Old Armenian այրեմ (ayrem, “to burn”), Old Irish áith (“kiln”), and the Slavic and Balkan words listed below, if they are not borrowed from Iranian).

Noun

*HáHtr̥š

1. fire

Descendants

• *ātar-, *ātr-, *ātr̥-, *āθ(a)r-

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (ātar), 𐬁𐬙𐬆𐬭𐬆 (ātər^ə), 𐬁𐬚𐬭- (āθr-), 𐬁𐬙𐬭- (ātr-)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Bactrian: αϸ (aš /⁠*āš-⁠/), αδορ (ador /⁠*ādur-⁠/), αταρ (atar /⁠*ātar-⁠/), αταροβιδο (atarobido), αδοραστο (adorasto, “fireplace”), αϸφαρδαρο (ašfardaro, “best (gift) of Fire”)
  • Khwarezmian: 𐾰𐾴𐿂 (ʾdr), 𐾰𐾴𐾺𐿂 (ʾdyr /⁠*ādír⁠/); 𐾰𐿂𐾶 (ʾrw)
  • Proto-Scythian: *ātar-, *āθr-
    • → (perhaps) Ancient Greek: Ἰατραγόρας (Iatragóras, “a Scythian given name”, literally “fire-searcher?”)
    • → (perhaps) Ancient Greek: Ἀρθάμων (Arthámōn, “a given name from Olbia”)
    • → (perhaps) Ancient Greek: Ψευδαρτάκη (Pseudartákē, “a place name in Scythia”)
      • Ossetian: арт (art)
  • Sogdian:

    Christian Sogdian: ܐܬܪ (ʾtr /⁠ātar⁠/), ܐܐܬܪ (ʾʾtr /⁠ātar⁠/), ܐܐܬܐܪ (ʾʾtʾr), ܐܐܬܪܗ (ʾʾtrh), ܐܪܯ- (ʾrδ-)

    Buddhist Sogdian: 𐼰𐼰𐽂𐽀 (ʾʾtr /⁠ātar⁠/), 𐼰𐼰𐽂𐼰𐽀 (ʾʾtʾr), 𐼰𐼰𐽂𐽀𐼳 (ʾʾtrh), 𐼰𐼰𐽁 (ʾʾš /⁠*āš⁠/) (with metathesis)

    Manichaen Sogdian: 𐫀𐫀𐫤𐫡 (ʾʾtr /⁠ātar⁠/), 𐫀𐫀𐫤𐫀𐫡 (ʾʾtʾr), 𐫀𐫀𐫤𐫡𐫍 (ʾʾtrh), 𐫀𐫀𐫤𐫀𐫡𐫍 (ʾʾtʾrh /⁠*ātar⁠/)

  • Pashto: اور (or), (dialectal) ور (wor), ورو (woro), يور (yor), ير (yer), هور (hor)
  • Waneci: [script needed] (awər)
  • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji
    • Munji: yūr
    • Yidgha: yūṛ
  • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami
    • Sarikoli: yuc
    • Shughni: йоц (yōc), (Rushani) yůc
    • Yazghulami: yec
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Sangisari: آتش (ātaš)
    • Baluchi:

      Eastern Balochi: آس (às)

      Western Balochi: آچ (àč),

    • Kurdish:

      Central Kurdish: ئاوِر (awir), ئاگِر (agir)

      Northern Kurdish: ar, agir

      Laki: ئاگِر (agir)

      Southern Kurdish: ئاگِر (agir)

    • Old Median: 𐎠𐎫𐎼 (*ātr-), 𐎠𐎰𐎼 (*āθr-) (in compounds)
      • Sivandi: ūīr
        • Old Tati:

          Old Azari: آیر (āyer)

    • Parachi: âṛ
    • Parthian:

      Inscriptional: 𐭀𐭕𐭓𐭅 (ʾtrw /⁠ādur⁠/)

      Manichaean: 𐫀𐫅𐫇𐫡 (ʾdwr), 𐫀𐫀𐫅𐫇𐫡 (ʾʾdwr /⁠ādur⁠/)

    • Zaza-Gorani:
      • Gurani: ئار (ār), ئێر (ɛr), ئاور (āwir), ئایر (āyir)
      • Zazaki: adir
    • Southwestern Iranian:
      • Old Persian: 𐎠𐎫𐎼 (a-t-r /⁠ātar-⁠/), 𐎠𐎫𐎼 (a-t-r /⁠ātr-⁠/), (combining form) 𐎠𐏂 (a-ç /⁠āç-⁠/) (in 𐎠𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎮𐎡𐎹𐏃𐎹 (a-ç-i-y-a-di-i-y-h-y /⁠Āçiyādiyahaya⁠/))
        • Middle Persian:

          Inscriptional: 𐭠𐭲𐭥𐭥𐭩 (ʾtwry), 𐭠𐭲𐭥𐭫𐭩 (ʾtwly), 𐭭𐭥𐭥𐭠 (NWRA)

          Book Pahlavi: [script needed] (ʾtwr' /⁠ādur⁠/)

          Manichaean: 𐫀𐫅𐫇𐫡 (ʾdwr /⁠ādur⁠/)

          • Persian: آدر (âdar), آذر (âzar)
            • Tajik: озар (ozar)
    • → Old Azari: آذر (āzar, āδar)
    • → Old Armenian: ատր- (atr-)
  • →? Proto-Albanian: *ōtar
• *ātarš (nominative singular)
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬱 (ātarš)
      • → Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾthš /⁠ātaxš⁠/)
        • Persian: آتش (âtaš), تش (taš) (see there for further descendants)
        • → Gilaki: [script needed] (åtəš)
        • → Old Azari: آتش (ātaš)
          • Harzani: اوتش (oteš), اوتژ (utaž)
          • Karingani: اتش (otaš)
        • → Talysh:

          Northern Talysh: اوتش (otəş)

          Central Talysh: آتش (ātaš)

          Southern Talysh: آتش (ātaš)

      • → Old Kazeruni: ادشت (adišt)
    • → Bactrian: αθϸο (athšo)
    • → Western Balochi: آچش (àčiš), آتش (àtiš) (via Persian)
    • Old → Mazanderani: تش (taš)
      • Mazanderani: تش (taš)
    • → Old Median:
      • Kermani:
        • Zoroastrian Dari: تش (taš) (Maybe via Middle Persian)

References

• Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 318–324
• Abajev, V. I. (1949), Осетинский язык и фольклор I [Ossetian Language and Folklore I]‎^[1] (in Russian), Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 158
• Abajev, V. I. (1958), Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 70
• Cabolov, R. L. (2001), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 81
• Domosileckaja, M. V. (2002), Albansko-vostočnoromanskij sopostavitelʹnyj ponjatijnyj slovarʹ: Skotovodčeskaja leksika [Albanian – Eastern Romance Comparative Conceptual Dictionary: The Pastoral Vocabulary] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Nauka, →ISBN, page 457
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*atra”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 91