अयस्

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Hindi[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अयस् (ayas).

Pronunciation[edit]

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ə.jəs/, [ɐ.jɐs]

Noun[edit]

अयस् • (ayas) m (Urdu spelling ایس) (rare)

iron
Synonyms: लोहा (lohā), लोह (loh)

Declension[edit]

Declension of अयस् (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	अयस् ayas	अयस् ayas
oblique	अयस् ayas	अयसों ayasõ
vocative	अयस् ayas	अयसो ayaso

Sanskrit[edit]

Alternative scripts[edit]

Alternative scripts

অয়স্ (Assamese script)
ᬅᬬᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
অয়স্ (Bengali script)
𑰀𑰧𑰭𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀅𑀬𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
အယသ် (Burmese script)
અયસ્ (Gujarati script)
ਅਯਸ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌅𑌯𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
ꦄꦪꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
𑂃𑂨𑂮𑂹 (Kaithi script)
ಅಯಸ್ (Kannada script)
អយស៑ (Khmer script)
ອຍສ຺ (Lao script)
അയസ് (Malayalam script)
ᠠᠶᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
𑘀𑘧𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
ᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᠰ (Mongolian script)
𑦠𑧇𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
𑐀𑐫𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
ଅଯସ୍ (Odia script)
ꢂꢫꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
𑆃𑆪𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
𑖀𑖧𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
අයස් (Sinhalese script)
𑩐𑩻𑪁 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
𑚀𑚣𑚨𑚶 (Takri script)
அயஸ் (Tamil script)
అయస్ (Telugu script)
อยสฺ (Thai script)
ཨ་ཡ་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
𑒁𑒨𑒮𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
𑨀𑨪𑨰𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háyas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éyos (“metal”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵 (aiiah) Latin aes, Old English ār (whence English ore).

Pronunciation[edit]

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́.jɐs/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɐ.jɐs̪/

Noun[edit]

अयस् • (áyas) stem, n

metal; copper
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.47.10:
  इन्द्र मृळ मह्यं जीवातुमिच्छ चोदय धियम्अयसो न धाराम्।
  यत्किं चाहं त्वायुरिदं वदामि तज्जुषस्व कृधि मा देववन्तम्॥
  indra mṛḷa mahyaṃ jīvātumiccha codaya dhiyamayaso na dhārām.
  yatkiṃ cāhaṃ tvāyuridaṃ vadāmi tajjuṣasva kṛdhi mā devavantam.
  Be gracious, Indra, let my days be lengthened: sharpen my thought as ’twere a blade of copper^[1]
  Approve whatever words I speak, dependent on thee, and grant me thy divine protection.
iron ŚBr.^[2]
iron weapon

Declension[edit]

Neuter as-stem declension of अयस् (áyas)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	अयः áyaḥ	अयसी áyasī	अयांसि áyāṃsi
Vocative	अयः áyaḥ	अयसी áyasī	अयांसि áyāṃsi
Accusative	अयः áyaḥ	अयसी áyasī	अयांसि áyāṃsi
Instrumental	अयसा áyasā	अयोभ्याम् áyobhyām	अयोभिः áyobhiḥ
Dative	अयसे áyase	अयोभ्याम् áyobhyām	अयोभ्यः áyobhyaḥ
Ablative	अयसः áyasaḥ	अयोभ्याम् áyobhyām	अयोभ्यः áyobhyaḥ
Genitive	अयसः áyasaḥ	अयसोः áyasoḥ	अयसाम् áyasām
Locative	अयसि áyasi	अयसोः áyasoḥ	अयःसु áyaḥsu

Descendants[edit]

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀬 (aya)
Pali: aya, ayo

References[edit]

Monier Williams (1899) “अयस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 85.

^ Jamison, Stephanie W., Brereton, Joel P., transl. (2014), The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India, volume I-II, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 836
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “áyas-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

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