沈
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Translingual[edit]
| Traditional | 沉 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 沉 |
| Japanese | 沈 |
| Korean | 沈 |
Han character[edit]
沈 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水中月山 (ELBU), four-corner 34112, composition ⿰氵冘)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 610, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17189
- Dae Jaweon: page 1002, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1572, character 7
- Unihan data for U+6C88
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 沈 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
|
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 冘 | *lu, *lum |
| 抌 | *lu, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *loʔ |
| 狖 | *lus |
| 貁 | *lus |
| 耽 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 眈 | *ʔl'uːm, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *l'uːm |
| 酖 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 妉 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 黕 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
| 衴 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
| 瓭 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
| 馾 | *ʔl'uːms |
| 髧 | *l'uːmʔ |
| 紞 | *ʔl'oːmʔ |
| 鈂 | *zlum, *l'um |
| 沈 | *l'um, *l'ums, *hljumʔ |
| 沉 | *l'um |
| 枕 | *l'um, *ʔljumʔ, *ʔljums |
| 莐 | *l'um |
| 霃 | *l'um |
| 鴆 | *l'ums |
| 訦 | *ɦljum, *ɦljumʔ |
| 忱 | *ɦljum |
| 邥 | *hljumʔ |
| 魫 | *hljumʔ |
In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意): 水 (“water”) + 羊 (“sheep”) — to submerge a sheep into the water (as a form of sacrifice to the river god). Other forms included 牛 (“ox”) or 玉 (“jade”) instead of 羊.
Starting from the bronze inscriptions, it became a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'um, *l'ums, *hljumʔ): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 冘 (OC *lu, *lum).
This character was later borrowed to signify the surname, and the variant 沉 (OC *l'um) was adopted for the original meaning.
Etymology 1[edit]
| For pronunciation and definitions of 沈 – see 瀋 (“liquid; juice; to pour; etc.”). (This character, 沈, is the simplified form of 瀋.) |
Notes:
|
Etymology 2[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
沈 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 沉 | |
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
沈
- Alternative form of 沉 (chén)
- (obsolete) ritual sacrifice in which animals are submerged in water
- (obsolete) put poison in liquid
- sixty-fourth tetragram of the Taixuanjing, "sinking" (𝍅)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
沈 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
沈
- (historical) Shen, a state during the Zhou dynasty and located in modern-day Henan
- 三年，春，莊叔會諸侯之師伐沈，以其服於楚也，沈潰。凡民逃其上曰潰，在上曰逃。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Sānnián, chūn, Zhuāngshū huì zhūhóu zhī shī fá Shěn, yǐ qí fú yú chǔ yě, Shěn kuì. Fán mín táo qí shàng yuē kuì, zàishàng yuē táo. [Pinyin]
- In the third year's spring, Zhuangshu gathered the various princes' armies and attacked Shen, because it had submitted to Chu. Shen was routed. Whenever the people deserted their superiors, it's called "rout"; when superiors do so, it's called "desert".
三年，春，庄叔会诸侯之师伐沈，以其服于楚也，沈溃。凡民逃其上曰溃，在上曰逃。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- a surname
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 4[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
沈 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
沈
- Only used in 沈沈.
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
沈
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: しん (shin)←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient); じん (jin)←ぢん (din, historical)←ぢむ (dimu, ancient)
- Kan-on: しん (shin)←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient); ちん (chin, Jōyō)←ちん (tin, historical)←ちむ (timu, ancient)
- Kun: しずむ (shizumu, 沈む, Jōyō); しずめる (shizumeru, 沈める, Jōyō)
Korean[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle Chinese 沈 (MC drim).
| Historical readings |
|---|
|
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰim]
- Phonetic hangul: [침]
Hanja[edit]
- Hanja form? of 침 (“to sink; to submerge”).
- Hanja form? of 침 (“to indulge in”).
- Hanja form? of 침 (“dark; gloomy”).
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle Chinese 沈 (MC syimX).
| Historical readings |
|---|
|
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɕʰi(ː)m]
- Phonetic hangul: [심(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja[edit]
沈 (eumhun 성씨 심 (seongssi sim))
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
沈: Hán Nôm readings: trầm, đắm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading ぢむ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading しむ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ちん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading ちん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading ちむ
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