曉

See also: 晓 and 暁

Translingual

Traditional	曉
Shinjitai	暁
Simplified	晓

Etymology

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hŋeːwʔ): semantic 日 ‎(“sun”) + phonetic 堯 ‎(OC *ŋeːw)

Han character

曉 (radical 72 日+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 日土土山 (AGGU), four-corner 6401₁, composition ⿰日堯)

References

• KangXi: page 500, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14176
• Dae Jaweon: page 870, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1535, character 1
• Unihan data for U+66C9

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Chinese

trad.		曉
simp.		晓

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiǎo (xiao³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hiu²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hiáu
• Min Nan (POJ): hiáu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: xiǎo
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ
    • Wade-Giles: hsiao³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheau
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hiu²
    • Yale: híu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hiu²
    • IPA ^(key): /hiːu̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiáu
    • Hakka Romanization System: hiau`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hiau³
    • IPA: /hi̯au̯³¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiáu
    • Tâi-lô: hiáu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiao
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiaʊ⁵³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiaʊ⁵³/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 曉
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiɑu²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ɕiau²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ɕiɑu¹³/
	Jinan	/ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕiau⁵³/
	Xi'an	/ɕiau⁵³/
	Xining	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɔ⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiɔ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕiau⁴²/
	Chengdu	/ɕiau⁵³/
	Guiyang	/ɕiao⁴²/
	Kunming	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ɕiɔo²¹²/
	Hefei	/ɕiɔ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiau⁵³/
	Pingyao	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕiɔ³⁵/
	Suzhou	/ɕiæ⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/ɕa³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕiɔ³⁵/
	Tunxi	/ɕio³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕiau⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/ɕiaɯ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiɛu²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/hiau³¹/
	Taoyuan	/hiɑu³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hiu³⁵/
	Nanning	/hiu³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/hiu³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hiau⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hieu³²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xiau²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hiau⁵³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hiau²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /heu^X/▼

Rime
Character	曉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	蕭 (93)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	馨皛切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/heuX/
Pan Wuyun	/heuX/
Shao Rongfen	/xeuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɛwX/
Li Rong	/xeuX/
Wang Li	/xieuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/xieuX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xǎo

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*qʰˤewʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hŋeːwʔ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	曉
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ xewX ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˤewʔ/
English	understand
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曉
Reading #	1/1
No.	14699
Phonetic component	垚
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	䥵
Old Chinese	/*hŋeːwʔ/

Definitions

曉

1. dawn, daybreak

   破曉 / 破晓  ―  pòxiǎo  ―  dawn, daybreak; to dawn

2. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

   • 不經不覺夜已曉 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]

     不经不觉夜已晓 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]

     From: 許冠傑, 今宵

     bat¹ ging¹ bat¹ gaau³ je⁶ ji⁵ hiu² [Jyutping]

     please add this translation if you can

3. to know, to understand, to get

   通曉 / 通晓  ―  tōngxiǎo  ―  to thoroughly understand

   • 1903, 粤音指南, Volumes 1-2^[1], 聚珍書樓:

     倘若佢兩個打起啲土談嚟，我就連一句都唔曉 [Cantonese, trad.]

     倘若佢两个打起啲土谈嚟，我就连一句都唔晓 [Cantonese, simp.]

     tong² joek⁶ keoi⁵ loeng⁵ go³ daa² hei² di¹ tou² taam⁴ lei⁴, ngo⁵ zau⁶ lin⁴ jat¹ geoi³ dou¹ m⁴ hiu² [Jyutping]

     If the two added in their dialects, I couldn't understand even a single word

References

• (Min Nan) Governor-General of Taiwan (1931–1932), Ogawa Naoyoshi, editor, 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]^[2] (in Japanese and Min Nan), volume 2, Taihoku: 同府 [Dōfu], OCLC 25747241, page 609.

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Japanese

Kanji

曉

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Goon: きょう (kyō)
• Kan’on: きょう (kyō)
• Kan’yōon: ぎょう (gyō)
• Kun: あかつき (akatsuki), さとる (satoru)

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Korean

Hanja

曉 • ‎(hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune-Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

曉 (hẻo, hểu, hiểu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.