曉

See also: 晓 and 暁

曉 U+66C9, 曉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66C9 ← 曈 [U+66C8] CJK Unified Ideographs 曊 → [U+66CA]

Translingual

Traditional	曉
Shinjitai	暁
Simplified	晓

Han character

曉 (radical 72, 日+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 日土土山 (AGGU), four-corner 6401₁, composition ⿰日堯)

Derived characters

• 䥵

Related characters

• 暁 (Japanese shinjitai)
• 晓 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• KangXi: page 500, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14176
• Dae Jaweon: page 870, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1535, character 1
• Unihan data for U+66C9

---

Chinese

trad.		曉
simp.		晓

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (垚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
撓	*hŋaːw, *rŋaːw, *rnaːwʔ
鐃	*rŋaːw
譊	*rŋaːw
橈	*rŋaːws, *ŋjew
磽	*ŋ̊ʰreːw, *ŋreːws, *ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ
墝	*ŋ̊ʰreːw
穘	*hŋreːw
顤	*hŋreːw, *ŋeːws
燒	*hŋjew, *hŋjaws
饒	*ŋjew, *ŋjaws
蟯	*ŋjew, *ʔŋew
蕘	*ŋjew
襓	*ŋjew
繞	*ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws
遶	*ŋjewʔ
嬈	*njewʔ, *neːwʔ, *hŋeːws
趬	*ŋ̊ʰew, *ŋ̊ʰews
蹺	*ŋ̊ʰew
翹	*ɡew, *ɡews
澆	*ŋkeːw, *ŋeːws
驍	*ŋkeːw
僥	*kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw
堯	*ŋeːw
垚	*ŋeːw
嶢	*ŋeːw
獟	*ŋeːws
膮	*hŋeːw, *hŋeːwʔ
嘵	*hŋeːw
憢	*hŋeːw
曉	*hŋeːwʔ
皢	*hŋeːwʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hŋeːwʔ): semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiǎo (xiao³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hiu²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hiáu
• Min Dong (BUC): hiēu
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hiáu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hiao² / hiou²

• Wu (Wiktionary): xiau (T2)

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: xiǎo
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ
    • Wade–Giles: hsiao³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheau
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hiu²
    • Yale: híu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hiu²
    • Guangdong Romanization: hiu²
    • IPA ^(key): /hiːu̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiáu
    • Hakka Romanization System: hiau`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hiau³
    • IPA: /hi̯au̯³¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hiēu
    • IPA ^(key): /hieu³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiáu
    • Tâi-lô: hiáu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiao
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hiaʊ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiaʊ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiaʊ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiaʊ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiaʊ⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hiao² / hiou²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiáu / hióu
    • IPA ^(key): /hiau⁵²/, /hiou⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: xiau (T2)
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕiɔ³⁴/

---

• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 曉
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiɑu²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ɕiau²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ɕiɑu¹³/
	Jinan	/ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕiau⁵³/
	Xi'an	/ɕiau⁵³/
	Xining	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɔ⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiɔ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕiau⁴²/
	Chengdu	/ɕiau⁵³/
	Guiyang	/ɕiao⁴²/
	Kunming	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ɕiɔo²¹²/
	Hefei	/ɕiɔ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiau⁵³/
	Pingyao	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕiɔ³⁵/
	Suzhou	/ɕiæ⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/ɕa³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕiɔ³⁵/
	Tunxi	/ɕio³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕiau⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/ɕiaɯ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiɛu²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/hiau³¹/
	Taoyuan	/hiɑu³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hiu³⁵/
	Nanning	/hiu³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/hiu³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hiau⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hieu³²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xiau²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hiau⁵³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hiau²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: /heu^X/▼

Rime
Character	曉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	蕭 (93)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	馨皛切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/heuX/
Pan Wuyun	/heuX/
Shao Rongfen	/xeuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɛwX/
Li Rong	/xeuX/
Wang Li	/xieuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/xieuX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiǎo

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤewʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hŋeːwʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	曉
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ xewX ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˤewʔ/
English	understand
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曉
Reading #	1/1
No.	14699
Phonetic component	垚
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	䥵
Old Chinese	/*hŋeːwʔ/

Definitions

曉

1. dawn; daybreak

   破曉 / 破晓  ―  pòxiǎo  ―  dawn, daybreak; to dawn

2. to know; to understand; to get

   通曉 / 通晓  ―  tōngxiǎo  ―  to thoroughly understand

   • 唐話、本係難曉、各處有各處嘅土談 [Cantonese, trad.]
     唐话、本系难晓、各处有各处嘅土谈 [Cantonese, simp.]

     From: 粵音指南·上卷, 卷之一　應對須知

     tong⁴ waa^6-2, bun² hai⁶ naan⁴ hiu², gok³ cyu³ jau⁵ gok³ cyu³ ge³ tou² taam⁴ [Jyutping]

     Chinese is fundamentally difficult to understand; every region has its own dialect

3. (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) (Hakka) will
4. A surname​.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 會 (“to know how to; to be able to”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		會
Mandarin	Beijing	會
	Taiwan	會
	Jinan	會
	Xi'an	會
	Wuhan	會、曉得
	Chengdu	會
	Yangzhou	會
	Hefei	會
Cantonese	Guangzhou	會、識、識得、曉
	Hong Kong	識、識得、曉
	Hong Kong (Weitou)	識
	Taishan	會、識、識領、曉、曉領
	Yangjiang	會、識
Gan	Nanchang	會、曉得
Hakka	Meixian	會、識得、曉
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	曉得、會
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	曉得、會
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	曉得、會
	Dongshi (Dabu)	曉得、曉
	Zhuolan (Raoping)	曉得、會
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	會、會曉
	Hong Kong	曉
Jin	Taiyuan	會
Min Bei	Jian'ou	惡
Min Dong	Fuzhou	會
Min Nan	Xiamen	會、會曉
	Quanzhou	會、會曉
	Zhangzhou	會、會曉
	Taipei	會、會曉
	Kaohsiung	會、會曉
	Tainan	會、會曉
	Taichung	會、會曉
	Hsinchu	會
	Lukang	會、會曉
	Sanxia	會、會曉
	Yilan	會、會曉
	Kinmen	會
	Magong	會
	Chaozhou	會
Wu	Suzhou	會
	Wenzhou	會
Xiang	Changsha	會、曉得
	Shuangfeng	會、曉得

Compounds

• 不分不曉／不分不晓
• 不分曉／不分晓
• 不曉事／不晓事
• 不曉得／不晓得
• 侵曉／侵晓
• 分分曉曉／分分晓晓
• 分曉／分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
• 向曉／向晓
• 報曉／报晓
• 夜住曉行／夜住晓行
• 夜宿曉行／夜宿晓行
• 天曉／天晓
• 天曉得／天晓得
• 失曉／失晓
• 家喻戶曉／家喻户晓 (jiāyùhùxiǎo)
• 家至戶曉／家至户晓
• 戶告人曉／户告人晓
• 拂曉／拂晓 (fúxiǎo)
• 揭曉／揭晓 (jiēxiǎo)

• 明曉／明晓
• 昏曉／昏晓
• 春曉／春晓 (chūnxiǎo)
• 曉事／晓事
• 曉人／晓人
• 曉以大義／晓以大义
• 曉伏夜行／晓伏夜行
• 曉市／晓市
• 曉得／晓得 (xiǎode)
• 曉悟／晓悟
• 曉星／晓星
• 曉暢／晓畅
• 曉會／晓会
• 曉示／晓示
• 曉籌／晓筹
• 曉色／晓色
• 曉行夜宿／晓行夜宿
• 曉諭／晓谕
• 曉譬／晓譬

• 曉風／晓风
• 曉風殘月／晓风残月
• 沒分曉／没分晓
• 洞曉／洞晓
• 清曉／清晓
• 無所不曉／无所不晓
• 盧溝曉月／卢沟晓月
• 知曉／知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
• 破曉／破晓 (pòxiǎo)
• 精曉／精晓
• 老不曉事／老不晓事
• 花塢春曉／花坞春晓
• 薄曉／薄晓
• 見分曉／见分晓
• 討個分曉／讨个分晓
• 討分曉／讨分晓
• 通曉／通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
• 雌雞報曉／雌鸡报晓

---

Japanese

Shinjitai	暁
Kyūjitai	曉

Kanji

曉

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 暁)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Goon: きょう (kyō)^{←けう (keu, historical)}
• Kan’on: きょう (kyō)^{←けう (keu, historical)}
• Kan’yōon: ぎょう (gyō)^{←げう (geu, historical)}
• Kun: あかつき (akatsuki, 曉); さとる (satoru, 曉る)
• Nanori: あき (aki)

---

Korean

Hanja

曉 • (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune–Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

---

Vietnamese

Han character

曉 (hẻo, hểu, hiểu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.