曉

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See also: 晓 and 暁
曉 U+66C9, 曉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66C9
← 曈
[U+66C8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 曊 →
[U+66CA]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 曉
Shinjitai 暁
Simplified 晓

Han character[edit]

曉 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 日土土山 (AGGU), four-corner 64011, composition ⿰日堯)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 500, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14176
  • Dae Jaweon: page 870, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1535, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+66C9

Chinese[edit]

trad. 曉
simp. 晓

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (垚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
撓 *hŋaːw, *rŋaːw, *rnaːwʔ
鐃 *rŋaːw
譊 *rŋaːw
橈 *rŋaːws, *ŋjew
磽 *ŋ̊ʰreːw, *ŋreːws, *ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ
墝 *ŋ̊ʰreːw
穘 *hŋreːw
顤 *hŋreːw, *ŋeːws
燒 *hŋjew, *hŋjaws
饒 *ŋjew, *ŋjaws
蟯 *ŋjew, *ʔŋew
蕘 *ŋjew
襓 *ŋjew
繞 *ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws
遶 *ŋjewʔ
嬈 *njewʔ, *neːwʔ, *hŋeːws
趬 *ŋ̊ʰew, *ŋ̊ʰews
蹺 *ŋ̊ʰew
翹 *ɡew, *ɡews
澆 *ŋkeːw, *ŋeːws
驍 *ŋkeːw
僥 *kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw
堯 *ŋeːw
垚 *ŋeːw
嶢 *ŋeːw
獟 *ŋeːws
膮 *hŋeːw, *hŋeːwʔ
嘵 *hŋeːw
憢 *hŋeːw
曉 *hŋeːwʔ
皢 *hŋeːwʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hŋeːwʔ): semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • hiao2 - Shantou;
  • hiou2 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 曉
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɑu²¹⁴/
    Harbin /ɕiau²¹³/
    Tianjin /ɕiɑu¹³/
    Jinan /ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ɕiau⁵³/
    Xi'an /ɕiau⁵³/
    Xining /ɕiɔ⁵³/
    Yinchuan /ɕiɔ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ɕiɔ⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /ɕiɔ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /ɕiau⁴²/
    Chengdu /ɕiau⁵³/
    Guiyang /ɕiao⁴²/
    Kunming /ɕiɔ⁵³/
    Nanjing /ɕiɔo²¹²/
    Hefei /ɕiɔ²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕiau⁵³/
    Pingyao /ɕiɔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /ɕiɔ⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /ɕiɔ³⁵/
    Suzhou /ɕiæ⁵¹/
    Hangzhou /ɕiɔ⁵³/
    Wenzhou /ɕa³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /ɕiɔ³⁵/
    Tunxi /ɕio³¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ɕiau⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /ɕiaɯ⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕiɛu²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /hiau³¹/
    Taoyuan /hiɑu³¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hiu³⁵/
    Nanning /hiu³⁵/
    Hong Kong /hiu³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hiau⁵³/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hieu³²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xiau²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /hiau⁵³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /hiau²¹³/
    Rime
    Character 曉
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 蕭 (93)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 馨皛切
    Baxter xewX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/heuX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/heuX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xeuX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hɛwX/
    Li
    Rong         		/xeuX/
    Wang
    Li         		/xieuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xieuX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiǎo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hiu2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 曉
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiǎo
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xewX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰˁewʔ/
    English understand

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 曉
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14699
    Phonetic
    component         		垚
    Rime
    group         		宵
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		䥵
    Old
    Chinese         		/*hŋeːwʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    曉

    1. dawn; daybreak
      破曉／破晓  ―  pòxiǎo  ―  dawn, daybreak; to dawn
      春眠不覺曉，處處聞啼鳥。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      春眠不觉晓，处处闻啼鸟。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: 孟浩然 (Meng Hao Ran), 《春曉》, 8th century CE
      Chūn mián bùjué xiǎo, chùchù wén tí niǎo. [Pinyin]
      Springtime, I've been asleep, unaware of dawning; everywhere, I hear birds calling.
    2. to know; to understand; to get
      通曉／通晓  ―  tōngxiǎo  ―  to thoroughly understand
    3. (Hakka, including Huiyang, Huicheng dialect) will; would
    4. a surname

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 會 (“to know how to; to be able to”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 會
    Mandarin Beijing 會
    Taiwan 會
    Jinan 會
    Xi'an 會
    Wuhan 會, 曉得
    Chengdu 會
    Yangzhou 會
    Hefei 會
    Malaysia 會
    Singapore 會
    Cantonese Guangzhou 會, 識, 識得, 曉
    Hong Kong 識, 識得, 曉
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 識
    Macau 識
    Taishan 會, 識, 識領, 曉, 曉領
    Yangjiang 會, 識
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 識
    Penang (Guangfu) 識
    Singapore (Guangfu) 識
    Gan Nanchang 會, 曉得
    Hakka Meixian 會, 識得, 曉, 曉得
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 曉得, 會
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 曉得, 會
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 曉得, 會
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 曉得, 曉
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 曉得, 會
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 會, 會曉
    Hong Kong 曉
    Sabah (Bao'an) 曉
    Kuching (Hepo) 曉
    Jin Taiyuan 會
    Min Bei Jian'ou 惡
    Jianyang (Huangkeng) 解
    Min Dong Fuzhou 會
    Min Nan Xiamen 會, 會曉
    Quanzhou 會, 會曉
    Zhangzhou 會, 會曉
    Taipei 會, 會曉
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 會, 會曉
    Kaohsiung 會, 會曉
    Yilan 會, 會曉
    Changhua (Lukang) 會, 會曉
    Taichung 會, 會曉
    Tainan 會, 會曉
    Hsinchu 會
    Kinmen 會
    Penghu (Magong) 會
    Singapore (Hokkien) 會曉
    Manila (Hokkien) 會曉
    Medan (Hokkien) 會曉
    Chaozhou 會, 會曉
    Shantou 會, 會曉
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 會
    Singapore (Teochew) 會曉
    Wenchang 捌
    Qionghai 捌
    Singapore (Hainanese) 捌
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 捌, 捌得
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 識
    Wu Shanghai 會, 曉得
    Suzhou 會
    Wenzhou 會
    Xiang Changsha 會, 曉得
    Shuangfeng 會, 曉得

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    		暁

    Kyūjitai

    		曉

    Kanji[edit]

    曉

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 暁)

    1. Kyūjitai form of 暁

    Readings[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 曉 – see the following entry.
    【暁】S
    [kanji] Hyōgaiji kanji
    (This term, 曉, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 曉 (MC xewX).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ço(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [효(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    曉 (eumhun 새벽 효 (saebyeok hyo))

    1. Hanja form? of 효 (“dawn”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Old Japanese[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From 明か (aka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 明く (aku), “to open”) +‎ 時 (to2ki1, “time, moment, hour”).[1][2]

    Noun[edit]

    曉 (akato2ki1) (kana あかとき)

    1. the dawn, daybreak
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 18, poem 4084), text here
        安可登吉爾名能里奈久奈流保登等藝須伊夜米豆良之久於毛保由流香母
        akato2ki1 ni nano2ri nakunaru poto2to2gi1su iya medurasiku omopoyuru ka mo
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    Coordinate terms[edit]

    Derived terms[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    • Japanese: 暁 (akatsuki)

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    曉: Hán Nôm readings: hẻo, hểu, hiểu

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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