曉

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See also: 晓 and 暁
曉 U+66C9, 曉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66C9
← 曈
[U+66C8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 曊 →
[U+66CA]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 曉
Shinjitai 暁
Simplified 晓

Han character[edit]

曉 (radical 72, 日+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 日土土山 (AGGU), four-corner 64011, composition ⿰日堯)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 500, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14176
  • Dae Jaweon: page 870, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1535, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+66C9

Chinese[edit]

trad. 曉
simp. 晓

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (垚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
撓 *hŋaːw, *rŋaːw, *rnaːwʔ
鐃 *rŋaːw
譊 *rŋaːw
橈 *rŋaːws, *ŋjew
磽 *ŋ̊ʰreːw, *ŋreːws, *ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ
墝 *ŋ̊ʰreːw
穘 *hŋreːw
顤 *hŋreːw, *ŋeːws
燒 *hŋjew, *hŋjaws
饒 *ŋjew, *ŋjaws
蟯 *ŋjew, *ʔŋew
蕘 *ŋjew
襓 *ŋjew
繞 *ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws
遶 *ŋjewʔ
嬈 *njewʔ, *neːwʔ, *hŋeːws
趬 *ŋ̊ʰew, *ŋ̊ʰews
蹺 *ŋ̊ʰew
翹 *ɡew, *ɡews
澆 *ŋkeːw, *ŋeːws
驍 *ŋkeːw
僥 *kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw
堯 *ŋeːw
垚 *ŋeːw
嶢 *ŋeːw
獟 *ŋeːws
膮 *hŋeːw, *hŋeːwʔ
嘵 *hŋeːw
憢 *hŋeːw
曉 *hŋeːwʔ
皢 *hŋeːwʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hŋeːwʔ): semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • hiao2 - Shantou;
  • hiou2 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 曉
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɑu²¹⁴/
    Harbin /ɕiau²¹³/
    Tianjin /ɕiɑu¹³/
    Jinan /ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ɕiau⁵³/
    Xi'an /ɕiau⁵³/
    Xining /ɕiɔ⁵³/
    Yinchuan /ɕiɔ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ɕiɔ⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /ɕiɔ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /ɕiau⁴²/
    Chengdu /ɕiau⁵³/
    Guiyang /ɕiao⁴²/
    Kunming /ɕiɔ⁵³/
    Nanjing /ɕiɔo²¹²/
    Hefei /ɕiɔ²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕiau⁵³/
    Pingyao /ɕiɔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /ɕiɔ⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /ɕiɔ³⁵/
    Suzhou /ɕiæ⁵¹/
    Hangzhou /ɕiɔ⁵³/
    Wenzhou /ɕa³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /ɕiɔ³⁵/
    Tunxi /ɕio³¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ɕiau⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /ɕiaɯ⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕiɛu²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /hiau³¹/
    Taoyuan /hiɑu³¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hiu³⁵/
    Nanning /hiu³⁵/
    Hong Kong /hiu³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hiau⁵³/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hieu³²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xiau²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /hiau⁵³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /hiau²¹³/
    Rime
    Character 曉
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 蕭 (93)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 馨皛切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/heuX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/heuX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xeuX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hɛwX/
    Li
    Rong         		/xeuX/
    Wang
    Li         		/xieuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xieuX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiǎo
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 曉
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiǎo
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xewX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰˁewʔ/
    English understand

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 曉
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14699
    Phonetic
    component         		垚
    Rime
    group         		宵
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		䥵
    Old
    Chinese         		/*hŋeːwʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    曉

    1. dawn; daybreak
      破曉 / 破晓  ―  pòxiǎo  ―  dawn, daybreak; to dawn
      春眠不覺曉，處處聞啼鳥。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      春眠不觉晓，处处闻啼鸟。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: 孟浩然 (Meng Hao Ran), 《春曉》, 8th century CE
      Chūn mián bùjué xiǎo, chùchù wén tí niǎo. [Pinyin]
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    2. to know; to understand; to get
      通曉 / 通晓  ―  tōngxiǎo  ―  to thoroughly understand
    3. (Can we verify(+) this sense?) (dialectal Hakka) will
    4. A surname​.

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 會 (“to know how to; to be able to”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 會
    Mandarin Beijing 會
    Taiwan 會
    Jinan 會
    Xi'an 會
    Wuhan 會, 曉得
    Chengdu 會
    Yangzhou 會
    Hefei 會
    Cantonese Guangzhou 會, 識, 識得, 曉
    Hong Kong 識, 識得, 曉
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 識
    Taishan 會, 識, 識領, 曉, 曉領
    Yangjiang 會, 識
    Kuala Lumpur 識
    Singapore 識
    Gan Nanchang 會, 曉得
    Hakka Meixian 會, 識得, 曉
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 曉得, 會
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 曉得, 會
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 曉得, 會
    Dongshi (Dabu) 曉得, 曉
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 曉得, 會
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 會, 會曉
    Hong Kong 曉
    Sabah (Bao'an) 曉
    Jin Taiyuan 會
    Min Bei Jian'ou 惡
    Min Dong Fuzhou 會
    Min Nan Xiamen 會, 會曉
    Quanzhou 會, 會曉
    Zhangzhou 會, 會曉
    Taipei 會, 會曉
    Kaohsiung 會, 會曉
    Tainan 會, 會曉
    Taichung 會, 會曉
    Hsinchu 會
    Lukang 會, 會曉
    Sanxia 會, 會曉
    Yilan 會, 會曉
    Kinmen 會
    Magong 會
    Singapore (Hokkien) 會曉
    Philippines (Manila Hokkien) 會曉
    Chaozhou 會
    Shantou 會
    Singapore (Teochew) 會曉
    Wenchang 捌
    Wu Shanghai 會, 曉得
    Suzhou 會
    Wenzhou 會
    Xiang Changsha 會, 曉得
    Shuangfeng 會, 曉得

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    		暁

    Kyūjitai

    		曉

    Kanji[edit]

    曉

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 暁)

    1. Kyūjitai form of 暁

    Readings[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 曉 – see the following entry.
    【暁あかつき】S
    [noun] the dawn, daybreak
    [noun] an event, occasion, occurrence
    [proper noun] a female given name
    [proper noun] a surname
    【暁ぎょう】S
    [affix] dawn, daybreak
    [affix] clear(ly understood), explicit
    [proper noun] a female given name
    【暁あきら】S
    [proper noun] a female given name
    【暁さとし】S
    [proper noun] a male given name
    【暁さとる】S
    [proper noun] a male or female given name
    【暁とおる】S
    [proper noun] a male or female given name
    【暁あかな】S
    [proper noun] a female given name
    【暁あき】S
    [proper noun] a female given name
    [proper noun] a surname
    【暁きょう】S
    [proper noun] a male or female given name
    (This term, 曉, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    曉 • (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune–Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Old Japanese[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From 明か (aka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 明く (aku), “to open”) +‎ 時 (to2ki1, “time, moment, hour”).[1][2]

    Noun[edit]

    曉 (akato2ki1) (kana あかとき)

    1. the dawn, daybreak
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 18, poem 4084), text here
        安可登吉爾名能里奈久奈流保登等藝須伊夜米豆良之久於毛保由流香母
        akato2ki1 ni nano2ri nakunaru poto2to2gi1su iya medurasiku omopoyuru ka mo
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Derived terms[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    • Japanese: 暁 (akatsuki)

    Coordinate terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    曉 (hẻo, hểu, hiểu)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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