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曉

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 晓 and 暁
曉 U+66C9, 曉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66C9
← 曈
[U+66C8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 曊 →
[U+66CA]

Translingual

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Traditional 曉
Shinjitai 暁
Simplified 晓

Han character

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曉 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+12, 16 strokes, Cangjie input 日土土山 (AGGU), four-corner 64011, composition ⿰日堯)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 500, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14176
  • Dae Jaweon: page 870, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1535, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+66C9

Chinese

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trad. 曉
simp. 晓
alternative forms 皢
暁
𣉊

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 曉
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (垚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
撓 *hŋaːw, *rŋaːw, *rnaːwʔ
鐃 *rŋaːw
譊 *rŋaːw
橈 *rŋaːws, *ŋjew
磽 *ŋ̊ʰreːw, *ŋreːws, *ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ
墝 *ŋ̊ʰreːw
穘 *hŋreːw
顤 *hŋreːw, *ŋeːws
燒 *hŋjew, *hŋjaws
饒 *ŋjew, *ŋjaws
蟯 *ŋjew, *ʔŋew
蕘 *ŋjew
襓 *ŋjew
繞 *ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws
遶 *ŋjewʔ
嬈 *njewʔ, *neːwʔ, *hŋeːws
趬 *ŋ̊ʰew, *ŋ̊ʰews
蹺 *ŋ̊ʰew
翹 *ɡew, *ɡews
澆 *ŋkeːw, *ŋeːws
驍 *ŋkeːw
僥 *kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw
堯 *ŋeːw
垚 *ŋeːw
嶢 *ŋeːw
獟 *ŋeːws
膮 *hŋeːw, *hŋeːwʔ
嘵 *hŋeːw
憢 *hŋeːw
曉 *hŋeːwʔ
皢 *hŋeːwʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hŋeːwʔ): semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • hiao2 - Shantou;
  • hiou2 - Chaozhou.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 曉
Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɑu²¹⁴/
Harbin /ɕiau²¹³/
Tianjin /ɕiɑu¹³/
Jinan /ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ɕiau⁵³/
Xi'an /ɕiau⁵³/
Xining /ɕiɔ⁵³/
Yinchuan /ɕiɔ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɕiɔ⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ɕiɔ⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɕiau⁴²/
Chengdu /ɕiau⁵³/
Guiyang /ɕiao⁴²/
Kunming /ɕiɔ⁵³/
Nanjing /ɕiɔo²¹²/
Hefei /ɕiɔ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiau⁵³/
Pingyao /ɕiɔ⁵³/
Hohhot /ɕiɔ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ɕiɔ³⁵/
Suzhou /ɕiæ⁵¹/
Hangzhou /ɕiɔ⁵³/
Wenzhou /ɕa³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ɕiɔ³⁵/
Tunxi /ɕio³¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕiau⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ɕiaɯ⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiɛu²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /hiau³¹/
Taoyuan /hiɑu³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hiu³⁵/
Nanning /hiu³⁵/
Hong Kong /hiu³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hiau⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hieu³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xiau²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /hiau⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hiau²¹³/
Rime
Character 曉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 蕭 (93)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 馨皛切
Baxter xewX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/heuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/heuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xeuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hɛwX/
Li
Rong 		/xeuX/
Wang
Li 		/xieuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/xieuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiǎo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hiu2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 曉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiǎo
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xewX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰˁewʔ/
English understand

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 曉
Reading # 1/1
No. 14699
Phonetic
component 		垚
Rime
group 		宵
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		䥵
Old
Chinese 		/*hŋeːwʔ/

Definitions

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曉

  1. dawn; daybreak
    破曉／破晓  ―  pòxiǎo  ―  dawn, daybreak; to dawn
  2. to know; to understand; to get
    通曉／通晓  ―  tōngxiǎo  ―  to thoroughly understand
  3. (Hakka, including Huiyang Hakka, Huicheng dialect) will; would
  4. a surname

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 會 (“to know how to; to be able to”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 會
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 會
Taiwan 會
Malaysia 會
Singapore 會
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 會
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 會
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 會
Wuhan 會, 曉得
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 會
Hefei 會
Cantonese Guangzhou 會, 識, 識得, 曉
Hong Kong 識, 識得, 曉
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 識
Macau 識
Taishan 會, 識, 識領, 曉, 曉領
Yangjiang 會, 識
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 識
Penang (Guangfu) 識
Singapore (Guangfu) 識
Gan Nanchang 會, 曉得
Hakka Meixian 會, 識得, 曉, 曉得
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 曉得, 會
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 曉得, 會
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 曉得, 會
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 曉得, 曉
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 曉得, 會
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 會, 會曉
Hong Kong 曉
Sabah (Bao'an) 曉
Kuching (Hepo) 曉
Jin Taiyuan 會
Northern Min Jian'ou 惡
Jianyang (Huangkeng) 解
Eastern Min Fuzhou 會
Southern Min Xiamen 會, 會曉
Quanzhou 會, 會曉
Dehua 會曉
Zhangzhou 會, 會曉
Taipei 會, 會曉
New Taipei (Sanxia) 會, 會曉
Kaohsiung 會, 會曉
Yilan 會, 會曉
Changhua (Lukang) 會, 會曉
Taichung 會, 會曉
Tainan 會, 會曉
Hsinchu 會
Kinmen 會
Penghu (Magong) 會
Singapore (Hokkien) 會曉
Manila (Hokkien) 會曉
Medan (Hokkien) 會曉
Chaozhou 會, 會曉
Shantou 會, 會曉
Shantou (Chaoyang) 會
Singapore (Teochew) 會曉
Wenchang 捌
Qionghai 捌
Singapore (Hainanese) 捌
Puxian Min Putian 會, 會曉, 會曉得
Xianyou 會, 會曉, 會曉得
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 捌, 捌得
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 識
Wu Shanghai 會, 曉得
Suzhou 會
Wenzhou 會
Xiang Changsha 會, 曉得
Shuangfeng 會, 曉得

Compounds

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 暁
Kyūjitai 曉

Kanji

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曉

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 暁)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 暁

Readings

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Definitions

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For pronunciation and definitions of 曉 – see the following entry.
【暁】S
[kanji] jōyō kanji
(This term, 曉, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 曉 (MC xewX).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ço(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [효(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

曉 (eumhun 새벽 효 (saebyeok hyo))

  1. hanja form? of 효 (“dawn”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Old Japanese

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Etymology

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From 明か (aka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 明く (aku), “to open”) +‎ 時 (to2ki1, “time, moment, hour”).[1][2]

Noun

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曉 (akato2ki1) (kana あかとき)

  1. the dawn, daybreak
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 18, poem 4084:
      , text here
      安可登吉爾名能里奈久奈流保登等藝須伊夜米豆良之久於毛保由流香母
      akato2ki1 ni nano2ri nakunaru poto2to2gi1su iya medurasiku omopoyuru ka mo
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Coordinate terms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Japanese: 暁 (akatsuki)

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

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Han character

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曉: Hán Việt readings: hiểu[1]
曉: Nôm readings: hiểu[2], hẻo[1], hểu[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of hiểu (“to understand, to know”)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Hồ (1976).
  2. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
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