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U+79D1, 科
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79D1

[U+79D0]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+79D2]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 115, +4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木卜十 (HDYJ), four-corner 24900, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 850, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24950
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1274, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2595, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+79D1

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰoːl, *kʰoːls) and ideogrammic compound (會意): phonetic (OC *ɡoːl, grain) + semantic (measuring tool).

Etymology 1[edit]

Possibly a *k-prefixed noun derived from (OC *ɡoːl), hence “the things which harmonize” (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1[edit]


Note:
  • khe/kher - vernacular (rare in Taiwan, not used in Zhangzhou);
  • kho - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (29)
    Final () (95)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter khwa
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kʰuɑ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kʰuɑ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kʰuɑ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kʰwa/
    Li
    Rong
    /kʰuɑ/
    Wang
    Li
    /kʰuɑ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /kʰuɑ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    kuō
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    fo1
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 4926
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    3
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kʰoːl/
    Definitions[edit]

    1. sort; class; kind
    2. law; regulation
    3. (historical) imperial examination
    4. article; clause
    5. norms; rules
    6. division; branch (of study) (Classifier: )
    7. section; department
    8. (taxonomy) family
    9. (Chinese theater) action; enactment (as opposed to dialogue, recitation, or singing)
      打諢打诨  ―  chādǎhùn  ―  to improvise for hilarity; to jest
    10. to pass a sentence
    11. to check; to examine
    12. to punish; to fine or levy taxes

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]
    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: () (ka)
    • Korean: 과(科) (gwa)
    • Vietnamese: khoa ()
    See also[edit]

    Pronunciation 2[edit]



    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (29)
    Final () (95)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter khwaH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kʰuɑH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kʰuɑH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kʰuɑH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kʰwaH/
    Li
    Rong
    /kʰuɑH/
    Wang
    Li
    /kʰuɑH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /kʰuɑH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    kuò
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    fo3
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 4930
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    3
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kʰoːls/
    Definitions[edit]

    1. to grow; to tiller

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) Alternative form of fol (fo1, to follow).

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. grade
    2. categorized classes or the text of law
    3. graded crimes
    4. examinations graded in classes
    5. divide taxes or crimes
    6. a (circular) hole

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    Suffix[edit]

    () (-kaくわ (kwa)?

    1. department, section
    2. (taxonomy) family
    Related terms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    とが
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    Noun[edit]

    (とが) (toga

    1. crime; wrongdoing

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Takumi KASHIMA (加島 巧) and Loretta LORENZ, transl.,(2007 December 30), “Takasebune (English Translation of Mori Ogai's Takasebune)”, in 長崎外大論叢[1]

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC kʰuɑ).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 과정 (gwajeong gwa))

    1. Hanja form? of (sort; class).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: khoa

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Derived terms[edit]