前科

Chinese

		front, forepart; in front; past front, forepart; in front; past; former; previous; last; before; preceding; earlier; ago; future; time ahead; first; top; battlefront; to move forward	branch of study; administrative section; division branch of study; administrative section; division; field; branch; stage directions; family (taxonomy); rules; laws; to mete out (punishment); to levy (taxes, etc.); to fine someone
trad. (前科)		前	科
simp. #(前科)		前	科

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiánkē

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄎㄜ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cin⁴ fo¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiân-kho

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zoin⁵ kuê¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiánkē
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄎㄜ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciánke
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien²-kʻo¹
    • Yale: chyán-kē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyanke
    • Palladius: цянькэ (cjanʹkɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cin⁴ fo¹
    • Yale: chìhn fō
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsin⁴ fo¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: qin⁴ fo¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːn²¹ fɔː⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiân-kho
    • Tâi-lô: tsiân-kho
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cienqoy
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² kʰo⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² kʰo³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² kʰo⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰo⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ kʰɤ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zoin⁵ kuê¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsôiⁿ khue
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰue³³/

Noun

前科

1. previous convictions; priors; criminal record

Derived terms

• 前科犯 (qiánkēfàn)

See also

• 案底 (àndǐ)
• 犯罪記錄／犯罪记录 (fànzuì jìlù)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
前	科
ぜん Grade: 2	か Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ぜんか [zéꜜǹkà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [d͡zẽ̞ŋka̠]

Noun

前(ぜん)科(か) • (zenka) 

1. criminal record, previous conviction
   • 1923, 松本泰, 緑衣の女:

     彼(かれ)は詐偽(さぎ)の前科(ぜんか)を持(も)っていた。

     Kare wa sagi no zenka o motte ita.

     He had prior convictions of fraud.

2. (figuratively) past misdeed

   あいつには酒乱(しゅらん)の前科(ぜんか)がある。

   Aitsu niha shuran no zenka ga aru.

   He has a past misdeed that caused drunkenness.

Synonyms

• (criminal record): 刑(けい)余(よ) (keiyo)
• (past misdeed): 旧(きゅう)悪(あく) (kyūaku)

References

• “前科”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026