血

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See also: 皿
血 U+8840, 血
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8840
← 蠿
[U+883F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 衁 →
[U+8841]
⾎ U+2F8E, ⾎
KANGXI RADICAL BLOOD
← ⾍
[U+2F8D] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾏ →
[U+2F8F]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 143 血

血 (Kangxi radical 143, 血+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹月廿 (HBT), four-corner 27100, composition ⿱丿皿)

  1. Kangxi radical #143, ⾎.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1107, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33964
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1568, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3050, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8840

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 血
2nd round simp. ⿱丿𠀃

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 血
Shang Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (血) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
侐 *qʰʷiɡs, *qʰʷɯɡ
血 *qʰʷiːɡ
恤 *sqʰʷiɡ
卹 *sqʰʷiɡ
賉 *sqʰʷiɡ
欰 *sqʰʷiɡ
洫 *qʰʷɯɡ
殈 *qʰʷeːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 一 (“drop of blood”) + 皿 (“container”) - a drop of blood inside a chalice for sacrificial uses.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-hjwəj-t (“blood”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstruct the Old Chinese as *m̥ˤik to account for word-family connections with 脈 (OC *C.mˤ<r>[i]k, “vein”), 衊 (OC *mˤi[k], “defiled blood”) as well as its use as a phonetic component in 侐 (OC *m̥(r)ik, “still; quiet”), which is in the same word family as 宓 (OC *mi[k], “quiet; silent”) (Sagart, 1999b; Baxter and Sagart, 2017). Sagart (1999b) argues that this word is not genetically related to the Tibeto-Burman form with *s-hjw-, but that this word has been borrowed into Tibeto-Burman.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • hut1 - vernacular;
  • hut2 - literary.
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
    • Note:
    • háik - vernacular;
    • hiék - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • huih/hoeh - vernacular;
    • hiat - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 血
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɛ²¹⁴/
    Harbin /ɕiɛ²¹³/
    /ɕyɛ²¹³/
    Tianjin /ɕie²¹/
    /ɕye²¹/
    Jinan /ɕyə²¹³/ 新
    /ɕiə²¹³/
    Qingdao /ɕiə⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ɕiɛ²⁴/
    Xi'an /ɕiɛ²¹/
    Xining /ɕi⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ɕie¹³/
    Lanzhou /ɕyə¹³/
    /ɕiə¹³/
    Ürümqi /ɕiɤ²¹³/
    Wuhan /ɕie²¹³/
    Chengdu /ɕye³¹/
    Guiyang /ɕie²¹/
    Kunming /ɕiɛ³¹/
    Nanjing /ɕyeʔ⁵/
    Hefei /ɕyɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕyəʔ²/
    Pingyao /ɕyʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /ɕyaʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /ɕioʔ⁵/
    /ɕyɪʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /ɕyəʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /sz̩ʷəʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /ɕy²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /ɕyeʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /ɕyɛ⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /ɕie²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ɕyæ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕyɵʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /hiat̚¹/
    Taoyuan /hiet̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hyt̚³/
    Nanning /hyt̚³³/
    Hong Kong /hyt̚³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hiat̚³²/
    /huiʔ³²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /haiʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xuai²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /hueʔ²/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /hue⁵⁵/
    Rime
    Character 血
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 先 (88)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 呼決切
    Baxter xwet
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hwet̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hʷet̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xuɛt̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hwɛt̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/xuet̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/xiwet̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xiwet̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xue
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hyut3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 血
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xuè
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xwet ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*m̥ˁik/
    English blood

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 血
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14098
    Phonetic
    component         		血
    Rime
    group         		質
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		血
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰʷiːɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    血

    1. blood
      流血了。  ―  Liúxiě le.  ―  It's bleeding.
    2. blood relations; kinship
    3. firm; unyielding; ardent
    4. (literary) tears
    5. (video games) HP
      血量  ―  xuèliàng  ―  HP
    6. (slang, Northeastern dialect) very
      我這波血強。／我这波血强。  ―  Wǒ zhè bō xuě qiáng.  ―  I'm very strong now.

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 血 (“blood”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 血, 血液
    Mandarin Taiwan 血
    Yantai (Muping) 血
    Jinan 血
    Luoyang 血
    Wanrong 血
    Xi'an 血
    Yinchuan 血
    Lanzhou 血
    Xining 血
    Ürümqi 血
    Wuhan 血
    Chengdu 血
    Guiyang 血
    Liuzhou 血
    Xuzhou 血
    Yangzhou 血
    Nanjing 血
    Cantonese Guangzhou 血, 蚊飯 humorous, dated
    Hong Kong 血, 蚊飯 humorous, dated
    Taishan 血
    Dongguan 血
    Gan Nanchang 血
    Lichuan 血
    Pingxiang 血
    Hakka Meixian 血
    Yudu 血
    Huizhou Jixi 血
    Jin Taiyuan 血
    Xinzhou 血
    Min Bei Jian'ou 血
    Min Nan Penang (Hokkien) 血
    Haikou 血
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 血
    Wu Shanghai 血
    Shanghai (Chongming) 血
    Suzhou 血
    Danyang 血
    Hangzhou 血
    Ningbo 血
    Wenzhou 血
    Jinhua 血
    Xiang Loudi 血

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (血):
    • → Vietnamese: huyết (血)

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    血

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    血
    ち
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ti.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    血(ち) • (chi) 

    1. blood

    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 血 (MC xwet).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄒᆑᇙ〮 (Yale: hyyélq)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 피〮 (Yale: phí) 혈〮 (Yale: hyél)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    血 (eumhun 피 혈 (pi hyeol))

    1. Hanja form? of 혈 (“blood”). [affix]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Okinawan[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    血

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Etymology[edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *ti, from Proto-Japonic *ti. Cognate with Japanese 血 (chi).

    Noun[edit]

    血(ちー) (chī) 

    1. blood

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    血: Hán Nôm readings: huyết, hoét, tiết

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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