血氣方剛

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Chinese

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courage and uprightness just strong
trad. (血氣方剛) 血氣
simp. (血气方刚) 血气

Etymology

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From the Analects, Book 16 (《論語·季氏》):

孔子:「君子血氣血氣方剛血氣。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
孔子:「君子血气血气方刚血气。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
Kǒng Zǐ yuē: “Jūnzǐ yǒu sān jiè: shào zhī shí, xuèqì wèi dìng, jiè zhī zài sè; jí qí zhuàng yě, xuèqì fāng gāng, jiè zhī zài dòu; jí qí lǎo yě, xuèqì jì shuāi, jiè zhī zài dé.” [Pinyin]
Confucius said, "There are three things which the superior man guards against. In youth, when the physical powers are not yet settled, he guards against lust. When he is strong and the physical powers are full of vigor, he guards against quarrelsomeness. When he is old, and the animal powers are decayed, he guards against covetousness."

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2 1/1
Initial () (32) (29) (1) (28)
Final () (88) (20) (106) (101)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Departing (H) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open Closed Open
Division () IV III III I
Fanqie
Baxter xwet khj+jH pjang kang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/hwet̚/ /kʰɨiH/ /pʉɐŋ/ /kɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/hʷet̚/ /kʰɨiH/ /pʷiɐŋ/ /kɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/xuɛt̚/ /kʰiəiH/ /piuɑŋ/ /kɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/hwɛt̚/ /kʰɨjH/ /puaŋ/ /kaŋ/
Li
Rong
/xuet̚/ /kʰiəiH/ /piuaŋ/ /kɑŋ/
Wang
Li
/xiwet̚/ /kʰĭəiH/ /pĭwaŋ/ /kɑŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/xiwet̚/ /kʰe̯iH/ /piwaŋ/ /kɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xue fāng gāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hyut3 hei3 fong1 gong1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2 3/3 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xuè fāng gāng
Middle
Chinese
‹ xwet › ‹ khjɨjH › ‹ pjang › ‹ kang ›
Old
Chinese
/*m̥ˁik/ /*C.qʰəp-s/ /*paŋ/ /*kˁaŋ/
English blood cloudy vapors just, then strong; hard

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2 1/2 1/1
No. 14098 10140 3023 3713
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2 1 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qʰʷiːɡ/ /*kʰɯds/ /*paŋ/ /*klaːŋ/
Notes

Idiom

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血氣方剛

  1. (usually of youth) hot-blooded; full of vigour; buoyant and impetuous