揉

揉 U+63C9, 揉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-63C9 ← 揈 [U+63C8] CJK Unified Ideographs 揊 → [U+63CA]

Translingual

Han character

揉 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+9, 12 strokes, Cangjie input 手弓竹木 (QNHD), four-corner 5709₄, composition ⿰扌柔)

Derived characters

• 𦺤

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 441, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12332
• Dae Jaweon: page 792, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1926, character 10
• Unihan data for U+63C9

Chinese

trad.		揉
simp. #		揉

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (矛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
堥	*muː, *mu
蓩	*muːʔ, *moːɡ
猱	*ml'uː, *mljiwʔ, *ml'us
茅	*mruː
罞	*mruː, *muːŋ
蝥	*mruː, *mu, *mo, *moɡs
鶜	*mruː
瞀	*moːɡs, *mroːɡ
愗	*moːɡs
袤	*mus
雺	*mus, *mu, *muːŋ, *muːŋs
懋	*mus
楙	*mus
矛	*mu
蟊	*mu
髳	*mu, *muːŋ
鍪	*mu
鞪	*mu, *moːɡ
糅	*ml'us
腬	*ml'us, *mlju
柔	*mlju
揉	*mju
蹂	*mju, *mjuʔ, *mjus
鍒	*mju
騥	*mju
蝚	*mju
葇	*mju, *mjuʔ
鞣	*mju, *mjus
鰇	*mju
瑈	*mju
鶔	*mju
楺	*mjuʔ
煣	*mjuʔ, *mjus
輮	*mjuʔ, *mjus
韖	*mjuʔ
敄	*moʔ, *mos
務	*moɡs
鶩	*moɡs, *moːɡ
騖	*moɡs
婺	*moɡs
霚	*moɡs, *moːŋ
嵍	*moɡs
霧	*moɡs, *moːŋ
霿	*moːŋ, *moːŋs
楘	*moːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mju): semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 柔 (OC *mlju).

Etymology

Probably cognate with 柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”), see there for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): róu (rou²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁴ / jau⁶

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): liû / jiû
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶gnieu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: róu
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄡˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: róu
    • Wade–Giles: jou²
    • Yale: róu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rou
    • Palladius: жоу (žou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐoʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jau⁴ / jau⁶
    • Yale: yàuh / yauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁴ / jau⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁴ / yeo⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²¹/, /jɐu̯²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liû
    • Tâi-lô: liû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liuu
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /liu²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiû
    • Tâi-lô: jiû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jiuu
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziu¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziu²³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶gnieu
    • MiniDict: nyeu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲiɤ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: nyuw

Rime
Character	揉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	耳由切
Baxter	nyuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiu/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵuw/
Li Rong	/ȵiu/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	róu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*mju/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	揉
Reading #	1/1
No.	8826
Phonetic component	矛
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	柔
Old Chinese	/*mju/

Definitions

揉

1. to knead; to rub; to massage
2. to crush by hand
3. to bend

   alt. forms: 輮 / 𫐓 (róu), 煣

Compounds

• 心癢難揉 / 心痒难揉
• 抹淚揉眵 / 抹泪揉眵
• 挹淚揉眵 / 挹泪揉眵
• 掰開揉碎 / 掰开揉碎
• 揉合
• 揉弦 (róuxián)
• 揉捻
• 揉揉
• 揉搓 (róucuō)
• 揉眵抹淚 / 揉眵抹泪
• 揉磨 (róumó)
• 揉著癢處 / 揉著痒处
• 揉輪 / 揉轮
• 揉雜 / 揉杂
• 搓揉 (cuōróu)
• 摑打撾揉 / 掴打挝揉
• 撫揉 / 抚揉
• 撾耳揉腮 / 挝耳揉腮
• 矯揉 / 矫揉
• 矯揉造作 / 矫揉造作 (jiǎoróuzàozuò)
• 磨揉遷革 / 磨揉迁革

Japanese

Kanji

揉

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: にゅう (nyū)^{←にう (niu, historical)}
• Kan-on: じゅう (jū)^{←じう (ziu, historical)}
• Kun: もむ (momu, 揉む)、もめる (momeru, 揉める)

Derived terms

• 揉(も)み上(あ)げ (momiage)

Korean

Hanja

揉 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

揉: Hán Nôm readings: nhu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nôm Foundation