濫

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See also: 滥
濫 U+6FEB, 濫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6FEB
← 濪
[U+6FEA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 濬 →
[U+6FEC]
濫 U+F922, 濫
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F922
← 嵐
[U+F921] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 藍 →
[U+F923]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

濫 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+14 in Chinese, 水+15 in Japanese, 17 strokes in Chinese, 18 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 水尸戈廿 (ESIT) or 水尸一廿 (ESMT), four-corner 38117, composition ⿰氵監)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 657, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18521
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1067, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1766, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+6FEB

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
藍 *ɡ·raːm
襤 *ɡ·raːm
籃 *ɡ·raːm
懢 *ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms
儖 *ɡ·raːm
蘫 *ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms
攬 *ɡ·raːmʔ
欖 *ɡ·raːmʔ
覽 *ɡ·raːmʔ
爁 *ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams
擥 *ɡ·raːmʔ
灠 *ɡ·raːmʔ
濫 *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ
嚂 *ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
纜 *ɡ·raːms
監 *kraːm, *kraːms
礛 *kraːm
鑑 *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms
艦 *ɡraːmʔ
檻 *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms
壏 *ɡraːmʔ
轞 *ɡraːmʔ
鹽 *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

trad. 濫
simp. 滥
2nd round simp. 㳕

Note: laam5 - colloquial variant (“excessive”).
Rime
Character 濫
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 談 (143)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 盧𣊟切
Baxter lamH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɑmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lɑmH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɑmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lamH/
Li
Rong 		/lɑmH/
Wang
Li 		/lɑmH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/lɑmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		làn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		laam6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 濫
Reading # 1/2
No. 6094
Phonetic
component 		監
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡ·raːms/

Definitions[edit]

濫

  1. to overflow; to flood
  2. excessive; indiscriminate
  3. (Eastern Min) wet
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 濕 (“wet”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 濕
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 濕
Mandarin Beijing 濕
Taiwan 濕
Yantai (Muping) 濕
Jinan 濕
Wanrong 濕
Xi'an 濕
Xining 濕
Wuhan 濕
Chengdu 濕
Guiyang 濕
Yangzhou 潮, 濕
Hefei 潮
Malaysia 濕
Singapore 濕
Cantonese Guangzhou 濕
Hong Kong 濕
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 濕
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 濕
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 濕
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 濕
Macau 濕
Guangzhou (Panyu) 濕
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 濕
Guangzhou (Conghua) 濕
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 濕
Foshan 濕
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 濕
Foshan (Shunde) 濕
Foshan (Sanshui) 濕
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 濕
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 濕
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 濕
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 削
Zhuhai (Doumen) 削
Jiangmen (Baisha) 濕, 削
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 濕, 削
Taishan 削
Kaiping (Chikan) 濕, 削
Enping (Niujiang) 削, 濕
Heshan (Yayao) 濕
Dongguan 濕
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 濕
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 濕
Qingyuan 濕
Fogang 濕
Yingde (Hanguang) 濕
Yangshan 濕
Lianshan (Butian) 濕
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 濕
Shaoguan 濕
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 濕
Renhua 濕
Lechang 濕
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 濕
Sihui 濕
Guangning 濕
Deqing 濕
Huaiji 濕
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 濕
Yunfu 濕
Xinxing 濕
Luoding 濕
Yunan (Pingtai) 濕
Yangjiang 濕
Xinyi 濕
Lianjiang 濕
Nanning 濕
Hepu (Lianzhou) 濕
Danzhou 濕
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 濕
Singapore (Guangfu) 濕
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 濕
Gan Nanchang 濕
Hakka Meixian 濕
Changting 濕
Wuping 濕
Liancheng 濕
Ninghua 濕
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 濕
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 濕
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 濕
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 濕
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 濕
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 濕
Hong Kong 濕
Senai (Huiyang) 濕
Jin Taiyuan 濕
Northern Min Jian'ou 濕
Jian'ou (Dikou) 濕
Songxi 濕
Zhenghe 濕
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 濕
Jianyang 濕
Wuyishan 濕
Pucheng (Shibei) 濕
Eastern Min Fuzhou 濫
Changle 濫
Lianjiang 濫
Fuqing 濫
Pingtan 濫
Yongtai 濫
Minqing 濫
Gutian 濫
Pingnan 濫
Luoyuan 濫
Fu'an 澹, 濫
Ningde 澹, 濫
Xiapu 澹
Zherong 濫, 澹
Shouning 澹
Zhouning 澹
Fuding 澹
Matsu 濫
Southern Min Xiamen 澹
Xiamen (Tong'an) 澹
Quanzhou 澹, 濕
Jinjiang 澹
Nan'an 澹
Shishi 澹
Hui'an 澹
Anxi 澹
Yongchun 澹, 濕
Dehua 澹
Zhangzhou 澹
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 澹
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 澹
Hua'an 澹
Nanjing 澹
Pinghe 澹
Zhangpu 澹
Yunxiao 澹
Zhao'an 澹, 濕
Dongshan 澹
Taipei 澹
Taipei (Wanhua) 澹
New Taipei (Tamsui) 澹
New Taipei (Sanxia) 澹
New Taipei (Pingxi) 澹
Kaohsiung 澹, 濕
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 澹, 濕
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 澹, 濕
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 澹, 濕
Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 澹, 濕
Yilan 澹
Yilan (Toucheng) 澹, 濕
Changhua (Lukang) 濕
Tainan 澹
Tainan (Anping) 澹
Taitung 濕
Hsinchu 澹
Kinmen 澹
Penghu (Magong) 澹
Penghu (Xiyu) 澹
Penang (Hokkien) 澹
Singapore (Hokkien) 澹
Manila (Hokkien) 澹
Longyan 澹
Zhangping 澹
Datian 澹
Pingnan (Shangdu) 濕
Chaozhou 澹
Shantou 澹
Shantou (Chenghai) 澹
Shantou (Chaoyang) 澹
Jieyang 澹
Haifeng 澹
Bangkok (Teochew) 澹
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 澹
Singapore (Teochew) 澹
Leizhou 澹
Wenchang 澹
Haikou 澹
Qionghai 澹
Singapore (Hainanese) 澹
Puxian Min Putian 澹, 澬
Putian (Donghai) 泱
Putian (Jiangkou) 澹
Putian (Nanri) 澹
Xianyou 泱, 澹 rare, 澬
Xianyou (Fengting) 泱, 澹 rare, 澬
Xianyou (Youyang) 泱, 澹
Central Min Yong'an 濕
Sanyuan 濕
Shaxian 濕
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 澹
Shehua Fu'an 濕
Fuding 濕
Luoyuan 濕
Sanming 濕
Shunchang 濕
Hua'an 濕
Guixi (Zhangping) 濕
Cangnan 濕
Jingning 濕
Lishui 濕
Longyou 濕
Chaozhou 濕
Fengshun 濕
Wu Shanghai 濕
Suzhou 濕, 潮
Hangzhou 潮
Wenzhou 濫, 濕
Xiang Changsha 濕
Shuangfeng 濕

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

trad. 濫
simp. 滥

Rime
Character 濫
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 銜 (149)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 胡黤切
Baxter haemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦˠamX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦᵚamX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣamX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦaɨmX/
Li
Rong 		/ɣamX/
Wang
Li 		/ɣamX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣamX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		haam6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 濫
Reading # 2/2
No. 6112
Phonetic
component 		監
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		檻
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡraːmʔ/

Definitions[edit]

濫

  1. † Alternative form of 監／监 (“eunuch, supervisor”)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

濫

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
濫
らん
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 濫 (MC lamH).

Pronunciation[edit]

Affix[edit]

濫(らん) • (ran) 

  1. to overflow
  2. excessive; superfluous

Usage notes[edit]

In modern Japanese, 濫 is mostly replaced by 乱, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

Japanese terms with 濫 replaced by daiyōji 乱
乱伐
乱発
乱用

Derived terms[edit]

(Replaced by 乱 in modern orthography):

(Not replaced by 乱 in modern orthography):

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 濫 (MC lamH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 람〮 (Yale: lám) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 넘〯ᄯᅵᆯ 람〮 Recorded as Middle Korean 람〮 (lám) (Yale: lám) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (initial position)
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [na̠(ː)m]
    • Phonetic hangul: [남(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
  • (non-initial position)

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

濫 (eumhun 넘칠 람 (neomchil ram), South Korea 넘칠 남 (neomchil nam))

  1. Hanja form? of 람/남 (“to overflow”).
  2. Hanja form? of 람/남 (“excessive; superfluous”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

濫: Hán Nôm readings: lạm, giậm, làm, lặm, lòm, lộm, lợm, lụm, luộm, trộm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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