蓼

蓼 U+84FC, 蓼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-84FC ← 蓻 [U+84FB] CJK Unified Ideographs 蓽 → [U+84FD]

蓼 U+F9C2, 蓼 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C2 ← 療 [U+F9C1] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 遼 → [U+F9C3]

Translingual

Han character

蓼 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 廿尸一竹 (TSMH), four-corner 4420₂, composition ⿱艹翏)

1. smartweed, polygonum

Derived characters

• 𡂕, 𤁸, 𥗀, 𨟆

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1053, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31744
• Dae Jaweon: page 1515, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3286, character 8
• Unihan data for U+84FC

• Unihan data for U+F9C2

Chinese

trad.		蓼
simp. #		蓼
alternative forms		𦾷

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (翏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
醪	*ruːw
嫪	*ruːw, *rɯːws
嘐	*ɡ·ruːw, *krɯːw, *qʰrɯːw
賿	*rrɯːw, *rrɯːwʔ
顟	*rrɯːw
膠	*krɯːw, *krɯːws, *kʰrɯːw
轇	*krɯːw
摎	*krɯːw, *rɯw
髎	*riw, *rɯːw
熮	*riws, *rɯːw, *rɯwʔ
廖	*rɯːw, *rɯːws, *rɯws
憀	*rɯːw, *rɯw
豂	*rɯːw
漻	*rɯːw
翏	*ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws
寥	*rɯːw, *rɯːwɢ
蓼	*rɯːwʔ, *rɯwɢ
鄝	*rɯːwʔ
鷚	*mɡlɯw, *rɯwɢs, *mɡrɯw, *ɡrɯw
繆	*mlɯw, *mɡrɯw, *mrɯws, *mlɯwɢ
勠	*rɯw, *rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ
疁	*rɯw
飂	*rɯw, *rɯws
鏐	*rɯw, *rɯw
僇	*rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ
瘳	*r̥ʰɯw
璆	*ɡlɯw, *ɡrɯw
謬	*mrɯws
蟉	*ɡ·rɯw, *ɡrɯw, *ɡrɯwʔ
樛	*krɯw
磟	*ruːwɢ, *rɯwɢ
戮	*rɯwɢ
剹	*rɯwɢ
穋	*rɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːwʔ, *rɯwɢ) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 翏 (OC *ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): liǎo (liao³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄠˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): liu⁵
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): láu / liáu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: liǎo
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄠˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: liǎo
    • Wade–Giles: liao³
    • Yale: lyǎu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leau
    • Palladius: ляо (ljao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: liu⁵
    • Yale: líuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: liu⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: liu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːu̯¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: láu / liáu
    • Tâi-lô: láu / liáu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lao, liao
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lau⁵³/, /liau⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lau⁵⁵⁴/, /liau⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lau⁵³/, /liau⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lau⁵³/, /liau⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lau⁴¹/, /liau⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: lewX

Rime
Character	蓼
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	蕭 (93)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	盧鳥切
Baxter	lewX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/leuX/
Pan Wuyun	/leuX/
Shao Rongfen	/leuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛwX/
Li Rong	/leuX/
Wang Li	/lieuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/lieuX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	liu5

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*rɯːwʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蓼
Reading #	1/2
No.	8367
Phonetic component	翏
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	了
Old Chinese	/*rɯːwʔ/

Definitions

蓼

1. knotweed; smartweed (various plants in the family Polygonaceae, especially in the genera Polygonum and Persicaria)
2. (figurative) difficulty; hardship

Compounds

• 含蓼問疾／含蓼问疾
• 摎蓼
• 毛蓼 (máoliǎo)
• 水蓼 (shuǐliǎo)
• 甘蓼
• 竹節蓼／竹节蓼
• 紅蓼／红蓼 (hóngliǎo)
• 荼蓼
• 蓼擾／蓼扰
• 蓼沿 (Liǎoyán)
• 蓼科
• 蓼花 (liǎohuā)
• 蓼菜成行
• 蓼蕭／蓼萧
• 蓼藍／蓼蓝 (liǎolán)
• 蓼蘭鎮／蓼兰镇
• 越王嘗蓼／越王尝蓼
• 辣蓼
• 香蓼

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lù (lu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): luk⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lio̍k / ló

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lù
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lù
    • Wade–Giles: lu⁴
    • Yale: lù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luh
    • Palladius: лу (lu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: luk⁶
    • Yale: luhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: luk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lʊk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍k / ló
    • Tâi-lô: lio̍k / ló
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liok, loir
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liɔk̚⁴/, /lo⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔk̚²⁴/, /lo⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɔk̚¹²¹/, /lo⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /liɔk̚⁴/, /lo⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔk̚⁴/, /lɤ⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: lewX

Rime
Character	蓼
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	蕭 (93)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	盧鳥切
Baxter	lewX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/leuX/
Pan Wuyun	/leuX/
Shao Rongfen	/leuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛwX/
Li Rong	/leuX/
Wang Li	/lieuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/lieuX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	liu5

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*rɯːwʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蓼
Reading #	1/2
No.	8367
Phonetic component	翏
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	了
Old Chinese	/*rɯːwʔ/

Definitions

蓼

1. (literary, of plants) tall

Compounds

• 蓼莪
• 蓼蓼

 

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): liǔ (liu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˇ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: liǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: liǒu
    • Wade–Giles: liu³
    • Yale: lyǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leou
    • Palladius: лю (lju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/

Definitions

蓼

1. Only used in 糾蓼／纠蓼.

References

• “蓼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

蓼

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: りょう (ryō)^{←れう (reu, historical)}; ろく (roku)
• Kan-on: りく (riku); りょう (ryō)^{←れう (reu, historical)}
• Kun: たで (tade, 蓼)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
蓼
たで Hyōgaiji

From Old Japanese, possibly from Proto-Japonic *tantay on the basis of the obsolete noun 蓼水(ただみ) (tadami, “a broth made from knotweed that is added to miso”), in spite that very few Ryukyuan cognates exist and the first attestation of the compound was in the mid-Heian period.

Attested in the Man'yōshū of 759.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) たで [tàdé] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ta̠de̞]

Noun

蓼(たで) or 蓼(タデ) • (tade) 

1. knotweed (Polygonaceae); jointweed, smartweed
2. water pepper (Persicaria hydropiper)

Synonyms

• たら (tara, obsolete)

Derived terms

• 蓼(たで)食(く)う虫(むし)も好(す)き好(ず)き (tade kuu mushi mo sukizuki)

Korean

Hanja

蓼 (eum 료 (ryo), South Korea 요 (yo))

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Toku-No-Shima

Kanji

蓼

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• Kun: た゚でぃ゚ー (tadī)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
蓼
た゚でぃ゚ー Hyōgaiji

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tʰádɨ́ː]

Noun

蓼(た゚でぃ゚ー) (tadī) 

1. knotweed

References

• Uwano, Zendō (2017) “徳之島浅間方言のアクセント資料(3) [Accent Data of Toku-no-Shima Asama Dialect (3)]”, in NINJAL Research Papers, number 12, →DOI, pages 139-161

Vietnamese

Han character

蓼: Hán Nôm readings: liễu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation

Yoron

Kanji

蓼

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• Kun: たでぃ (tadi)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
蓼
たでぃ Hyōgaiji

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tàdì]

Noun

蓼(たでぃ) (tadi) 

1. knotweed

References

• Kiku, Chiyo, Takahashi, Toshizō (2005) 与論方言辞典 [Yoron Dialect Dictionary], Tokyo: Musashinoshoin, →ISBN, page 288