偽造

See also: 伪造 and 僞造

Chinese

		false; fake; forged false; fake; forged; bogus	to make; to build; to invent to make; to build; to invent; to manufacture
trad. (偽造/僞造)		偽/僞	造
simp. (伪造)		伪	造

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wěizào, wèizào

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˇ ㄗㄠˋ, ㄨㄟˋ ㄗㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai⁶ zou⁶

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngúi-chho
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gūi-chō / ûi-chǒ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngui⁶ zao⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wěizào
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˇ ㄗㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wěizào
    • Wade–Giles: wei³-tsao⁴
    • Yale: wěi-dzàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woeitzaw
    • Palladius: вэйцзао (vɛjczao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wèizào
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ ㄗㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wèizào
    • Wade–Giles: wei⁴-tsao⁴
    • Yale: wèi-dzàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weytzaw
    • Palladius: вэйцзао (vɛjczao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngai⁶ zou⁶
    • Yale: ngaih jouh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngai⁶ dzou⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngei⁶ zou⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐi̯²² t͡sou̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngúi-chho
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngui^ˋ co
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngui³ co⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋu̯i³¹ t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gūi-chō
    • Tâi-lô: guī-tsō
    • Phofsit Daibuun: guixzoi
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡui³³⁻²¹ t͡sɤ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /ɡui³³⁻¹¹ t͡so³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡui²²⁻²¹ t͡so²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi-chǒ
    • Tâi-lô: uî-tsǒ
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ui²⁴⁻²² t͡so²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ngui⁶ zao⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngŭi tsău
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋui³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sau³⁵/

Verb

偽造

1. to forge; to falsify; to fabricate; to counterfeit; to fake

Synonyms

edit

• 假造 (jiǎzào)
• 土統 / 土统 (Hokkien)
• 捏 (niē) (literary, or in compounds)
• 捏造 (niēzào)
• 杜撰 (dùzhuàn)
• 桶摃 / 桶𫼱 (Hokkien)
• 構造 / 构造 (gòuzào) (archaic)
• 瞎編 / 瞎编 (xiābiān)
• 編製 / 编制 (biānzhì) (figurative)
• 編造 / 编造 (biānzào)
• 胡編 / 胡编 (húbiān)
• 臆造 (yìzào)
• 莫之莫捏 (Hokkien)
• 莫捏 (Hokkien)
• 虛構 / 虚构 (xūgòu)
• 造謠 / 造谣 (zàoyáo)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
偽	造
ぎ Grade: S	ぞう Grade: 5
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
僞造 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ぎぞー [gìzóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɡʲizo̞ː]

Noun

偽(ぎ)造(ぞう) • (gizō) 

1. forgery; falsification; fabrication; counterfeiting

Verb

偽(ぎ)造(ぞう)する • (gizō suru) transitive suru (stem 偽(ぎ)造(ぞう)し (gizō shi), past 偽(ぎ)造(ぞう)した (gizō shita))

1. forge
   • 2024 May 24, 河野太郎 [Tarō Kōno], quotee, “第213回国会　参議院　地方創生及びデジタル社会の形成等に関する特別委員会　第6号　令和6年5月24日 [213th Diet, House of Councillors, Special Committee on Regional Revitalization and the Formation of a Digital Society, No. 6, May 24, 2024]”, in 国会会議録検索システム [Diet Proceedings Search System]‎^[1], 国立国会図書館 [National Diet Library], retrieved 15 September 2025:

     それはもう免許証などでも起きておりますし、保険証では写真がありませんから偽造し放題だった。

     Sore wa mō menkyoshō nado demo okite ori masu shi, hokenshō de wa shashin ga ari masen kara gizō shi-hōdai datta.

     This has already happened with driver's licenses and other documents, and since health insurance cards don't have photographs, they can be easily forged.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "偽造する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	偽造し	ぎぞうし	gizō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	偽造し	ぎぞうし	gizō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	偽造する	ぎぞうする	gizō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	偽造する	ぎぞうする	gizō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	偽造すれ	ぎぞうすれ	gizō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	偽造せよ¹ 偽造しろ²	ぎぞうせよ¹ ぎぞうしろ²	gizō seyo¹ gizō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	偽造される	ぎぞうされる	gizō sareru
Causative	偽造させる 偽造さす	ぎぞうさせる ぎぞうさす	gizō saseru gizō sasu
Potential	偽造できる	ぎぞうできる	gizō dekiru
Volitional	偽造しよう	ぎぞうしよう	gizō shiyō
Negative	偽造しない	ぎぞうしない	gizō shinai
Negative continuative	偽造せず	ぎぞうせず	gizō sezu
Formal	偽造します	ぎぞうします	gizō shimasu
Perfective	偽造した	ぎぞうした	gizō shita
Conjunctive	偽造して	ぎぞうして	gizō shite
Hypothetical conditional	偽造すれば	ぎぞうすれば	gizō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

• “偽造”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
偽	造

Adjective

偽造

1. chữ Hán form of nguỵ tạo (“fake”)