思う
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
思 |
おも Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
想う (somewhat literary) 念う (literary) 惟う (literary) 憶う (literary) 懐う (literary) 以う (rare) |
Etymology
[edit]⟨omo2pu⟩ → */əməpu/ → /omoɸu/ → /omou/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *əməp-.[1][2] First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[3] Also appears in the Man'yōshū poetry compilation, completed c. 759 CE. There are two main theories for its ultimate derivation:
- May be cognate with 面 (omo, “face”), from the sense of how one's emotions appear on one's face.[1]
- May be cognate with 重 (omo, “weight”), from the sense of weighing different options.[1] Compare similar derivations of English ponder (as in “to weigh; to think”) and ponderous (as in “heavy, weighty”). However, this runs into problems, since the ancestor of this form is reconstructed as *onpo- (“heavy”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「思う」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
思う | おもう | [òmóꜜù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 思え | おもえ | [òmóꜜè] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 思われる | おもわれる | [òmówáréꜜrù] |
Causative | 思わせる | おもわせる | [òmówáséꜜrù] |
Potential | 思える | おもえる | [òmóéꜜrù] |
Volitional | 思おう | おもおー | [òmóóꜜò] |
Negative | 思わない | おもわない | [òmówáꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 思わなかった | おもわなかった | [òmówáꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 思います | おもいます | [òmóímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 思った | おもった | [òmóꜜttà] |
Conjunctive | 思って | おもって | [òmóꜜttè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 思えば | おもえば | [òmóꜜèbà] |
Verb
[edit]思う • (omou) ←おもふ (omofu)?intransitive godan (stem 思い (omoi), past 思った (omotta))
Usage notes
[edit]A pattern with which this verb is often used is:
- When ending in 思う, the pattern expresses opinions which the speaker holds at the time of speaking.
- When ending in 思っている, the pattern expresses opinions which the speaker has had since sometime in the past
- 思っている is also used to express opinions by someone other than the speaker.
While both 思う (omou) and synonym 考える (kangaeru) can be used to mean to think, omou may include more emotional and subjective overtones, whereas kangaeru implies more analytic and objective thought.[1]
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "思う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 思わ | 思wa | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 思い | 思i | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 思う | 思u | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 思う | 思u | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 思え | 思e | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 思え | 思e | |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 思われる | 思wareru | |
Causative | 思わせる 思わす |
思waseru 思wasu | |
Potential | 思える | 思eru | |
Volitional | 思おう | 思ō | |
Negative | 思わない | 思wanai | |
Negative continuative | 思わず | 思wazu | |
Formal | 思います | 思imasu | |
Perfective | 思った | 思tta | |
Conjunctive | 思って | 思tte | |
Hypothetical conditional | 思えば | 思eba |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 思は | おもは | omofa |
Continuative (連用形) | 思ひ | おもひ | omofi |
Terminal (終止形) | 思ふ | おもふ | omofu |
Attributive (連体形) | 思ふ | おもふ | omofu |
Realis (已然形) | 思へ | おもへ | omofe |
Imperative (命令形) | 思へ | おもへ | omofe |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 思はず | おもはず | omofazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 思へど | おもへど | omofedo |
Causal conjunction | 思へば | おもへば | omofeba |
Conditional conjunction | 思はば | おもはば | omofaba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 思ひき | おもひき | omofiki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 思ひけり | おもひけり | omofikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 思ひつ | おもひつ | omofitu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 思ひぬ | おもひぬ | omofinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 思へり 思ひたり |
おもへり おもひたり |
omoferi omofitari |
Volitional | 思はむ | おもはむ | omofamu |
Synonyms
[edit]- 考える (kangaeru)
Derived terms
[edit]- 慮る (omonpakaru, “(formal) to consider carefully”)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ “思・想・憶・懐”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 思 read as おも
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with audio pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -u
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples