學者

See also: 学者

Chinese

		learn; study; science learn; study; science; ‑ology	‑ist, ‑er (person); person (who does sth)
trad. (學者)		學	者
simp. (学者)		学	者

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xuézhě

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄓㄜˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hok⁶ ze²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ho̍k-chá
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ha̍k-chiá

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xuézhě
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄓㄜˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syuéjhě
    • Wade–Giles: hsüeh²-chê³
    • Yale: sywé-jě
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyuejee
    • Palladius: сюэчжэ (sjuečžɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hok⁶ ze²
    • Yale: hohk jé
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hok⁹ dze²
    • Guangdong Romanization: hog⁶ zé²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːk̚² t͡sɛː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ho̍k-chá
    • Hakka Romanization System: hog za`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hog⁶ za³
    • Sinological IPA: /hok̚⁵ t͡sa³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ha̍k-chiá
    • Tâi-lô: ha̍k-tsiá
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hagciar
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hak̚²⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sia⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: haewk tsyaeX

Rime
Character	學	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	江 (10)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	胡覺切	章也切
Baxter	haewk	tsyaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠʌk̚/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚɔk̚/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɔk̚/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨwk̚/	/ciaX/
Li Rong	/ɣɔk̚/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Wang Li	/ɣɔk̚/	/t͡ɕĭaX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɔk̚/	/t͡ɕi̯aX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xué	zhě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hok6	ze2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kˤruk  tAʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡruːɡ  tjaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	學	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xué	zhě
Middle Chinese	‹ hæwk ›	‹ tsyæX ›
Old Chinese	/*m-kˁruk/	/*tAʔ/
English	study; imitate	(nominalizing particle)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	學	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	14079	16960
Phonetic component	學	者
Rime group	覺	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	學	者
Old Chinese	/*ɡruːɡ/	/*tjaːʔ/
Notes	甲文象習持爻於膝前， 金文方加子	說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水， 爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說

Noun

學者

1. scholar; academic (Classifier: 個／个 m; 名 m; 位 m)

   在這個問題上，專家學者們各持己見。 [MSC, trad.]
   在这个问题上，专家学者们各持己见。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zài zhège wèntí shàng, zhuānjiā xuézhěmen gèchíjǐjiàn. [Pinyin]

   Experts and scholars have disagreeing views on this issue.

   道理無窮，學者先要不得有自足心。 [MSC, trad.]
   道理无穷，学者先要不得有自足心。 [MSC, simp.]

   Dàolǐ wúqióng, xuézhě xiān yàobudé yǒu zìzú xīn. [Pinyin]

   Truth is infinite; a scholar cannot afford to have a complacent attitude.

2. (obsolete) learner; student

Synonyms

• (scholar):

• 人士 (rénshì) (literary)
• 儒生 (rúshēng) (literary)
• 士人 (shìrén) (literary)
• 學人／学人 (xuérén)
• 學士／学士 (xuéshì)
• 文人 (wénrén)
• 文人墨客 (wénrénmòkè)
• 文士 (wénshì)
• 書生／书生 (shūshēng)
• 知識人／知识人
• 知識分子／知识分子
• 秀才 (xiùcái)
• 讀冊人／读册人 (Hokkien)
• 讀書人／读书人 (dúshūrén)
• 騷人／骚人 (sāorén)
• 騷人墨客／骚人墨客 (sāorénmòkè)
• 騷客／骚客 (sāokè)
• 墨客 (mòkè)

 

• (learner): 學習者／学习者 (xuéxízhě)

Derived terms

• 交流學者／交流学者 (jiāoliú xuézhě)
• 訪問學者／访问学者 (fǎngwèn xuézhě)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (學者):

• → Japanese: 学者(がくしゃ) (gakusha)
• → Korean: 학자(學者) (hakja)
• → Vietnamese: học giả (學者)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
學	者
がく Hyōgaiji	しゃ Grade: 3
on’yomi

Noun

學(がく)者(しゃ) • (gakusha) 

1. Kyūjitai form of 学者: scholar

Korean

Hanja in this term
學	者

Noun

學者 • (hakja) (hangeul 학자)

1. Hanja form^? of 학자 (“scholar”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
學	者

Noun

學者

1. chữ Hán form of học giả (“scholar”).