冠

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See also: 冦
冠 U+51A0, 冠
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51A0
← 冟
[U+519F]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 冡 →
[U+51A1]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

冠 (radical 14 冖+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 月一山戈 (BMUI), four-corner 37214, composition ⿱冖㝴)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 130, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1580
  • Dae Jaweon: page 292, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 303, character 18
  • Unihan data for U+51A0

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 冠
alt. forms 𠖌
𠙙
𠜍
𢃙

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (元) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
冠 kŋoːn, *kŋoːns
莞 kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ
脘 ŋkoːnʔ
筦 ŋkoːnʔ
梡 ŋ̥ʰoːnʔ, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ
岏 ŋoːn
刓 ŋoːn
园 ŋoːn
忨 ŋoːn, *ŋoːns
蚖 ŋoːn, *ŋon
黿 ŋoːn, *ŋon
抏 ŋoːn
玩 ŋoːns
貦 ŋoːns
翫 ŋoːns
妧 ŋoːns
完 ɦŋoːn
捖 ɦŋoːn
垸 ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːns
綄 ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ
院 ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋons
皖 ɦŋoːnʔ, *ɦŋroːnʔ
晥 ɦŋoːnʔ
浣 ɦŋoːnʔ
頑 ŋroːn, *ŋroːn
睆 ɦŋroːnʔ
鯇 ɦŋroːnʔ
元 ŋon
沅 ŋon
芫 ŋon
杬 ŋon
邧 ŋon, *ŋonʔ
阮 ŋon, *ŋonʔ
俒 ɦŋuːn, *ɦŋuːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns): semantic 冖 (“hat”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – a hand putting a hat on the head. Also ideogrammic (會意).

Earlier forms are phono-semantic (形聲, OC *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns): semantic 冃 (“hat”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)wa-n (“to put on; to wear; to clothe”). Cognate with Tibetan བགོ (bgo, “to put on; to wear; clothing”), གོས (gos, “clothes; garments; dress”), གོན (gon), གྱོན (gyon, “to put on; to wear”), སྐོན (skon, “to dress; to clothe”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Rime
Character 冠
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古丸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kuɑn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʷɑn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kuɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kwan/
Li
Rong		 /kuɑn/
Wang
Li		 /kuɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kuɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 guān
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 冠
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 guān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kwan ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k.ʔ]ˤor/
English cap (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 冠
Reading # 1/2
No. 16107
Phonetic
component		 元
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 官
Old
Chinese		 /*kŋoːn/

Definitions[edit]

冠

  1. hat; cap
    皇冠  ―  huángguān  ―  crown
  2. top part; cap; top
  3. hat-shaped thing
    花冠  ―  huāguān  ―  wreath; crown
    雞冠 / 鸡冠  ―  jīguān  ―  cockscomb
  4. cock's crest; comb

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 冠

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Rime
Character 冠
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古玩切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kuɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʷɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kuɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kwanH/
Li
Rong		 /kuɑnH/
Wang
Li		 /kuɑnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kuɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 guàn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 冠
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 guàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kwanH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*k.ʔˤor-s/
English cap (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 冠
Reading # 2/2
No. 16109
Phonetic
component		 元
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 貫
Old
Chinese		 /*kŋoːns/

Definitions[edit]

冠

  1. † to put on a hat; to wear a hat
  2. † (of a male) to reach adulthood
  3. † to rank first; to excel; to surpass
  4. † to cover; to put on top of
  5. to precede (e.g. with a title); to attach; to put on
  6. (historical) ceremony marking a man's coming of age at 20
  7. † superior; excellent; outstanding
    冠軍 / 冠军  ―  guànjūn  ―  champion
  8. † first place
  9. champion; winner; victor
  10. (linguistics) Short for 冠詞／冠词 (guàncí, “article”).
  11. A surname​.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 冠

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

冠

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. crown
  2. best, peerless

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
冠
かがふり
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/kaɡapuri/ → /kaɡafuri/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

冠 (hiragana かがふり, rōmaji kagafuri)

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) head covering; headdress, crown
  2. (by extension, archaic) order, rank
See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
冠
かぶり
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Likely a shift from kagafuri above, ancient kagapuri. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

冠 (hiragana かぶり, rōmaji kaburi)

  1. headdress, crown
  2. (theater) large attendance, full house
  3. (archaic) order, rank
Synonyms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
冠
かむり
Grade: S
kun’yomi

A shift from kaburi above. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

冠 (hiragana かむり, rōmaji kamuri)

  1. headdress, crown
  2. distance from the tunnel's roof to the surface directly above it
  3. (poetry) first (traditionally, five) morae of a haiku, etc.; specifically, the first verse or line of a poem

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
冠
こうぶり
Grade: S
kun’yomi

A shift from kagafuri above, ancient kagapuri.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

冠 (hiragana こうぶり, rōmaji kōburi, historical hiragana かうぶり)

  1. headdress, crown
  2. order, rank
  3. Synonym of 年爵 (“an annual salary in the Heian period”)
Compounds[edit]

Etymology 5[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Kanji in this term
冠
かんむり
Grade: S
kun’yomi

The modern spelling. A shift from kōburi above, historical kauburi.[1] Also encountered is kanburi.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

冠 (hiragana かんむり, rōmaji kanmuri, alternative reading かんぶり, rōmaji kanburi)

  1. a crown (royal headdress)
  2. a type of traditional cap
  3. name; title; named sponsorship of a program, event, team, etc.​
  4. the top radical of a kanji, such as 冖 as in 冠 itself
Compounds[edit]
Terms derived from かんむり
Radical names containing 冠

Proper noun[edit]

冠 (hiragana かんむり, rōmaji Kanmuri)

  1. A female given name
  2. A surname​.

Etymology 6[edit]

Kanji in this term
冠
さか
Grade: S
Irregular

Clipping of 鶏 (と)冠 (さか) (tosaka). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Irregular reading)

Noun[edit]

冠 (hiragana さか, rōmaji saka)

  1. comb, crest (of a bird, particularly a chicken or pheasant); cockscomb

Etymology 7[edit]

Kanji in this term
冠
かん
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 冠 (MC kuɑn, kuɑnH).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

冠 (hiragana かん, rōmaji kan, historical hiragana くわん)

  1. headpiece, crown
Compounds[edit]
Compounds derived from かん
Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

冠 • (gwan)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 관 (revised: gwan, McCune-Reischauer: kwan)
    • Name (hangeul): 갓 관
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

冠 (quan, quán)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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