冠
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See also: 冦
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
冠 (Kangxi radical 14, 冖+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 月一山戈 (BMUI), four-corner 37214, composition ⿱冖㝴)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 130, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1580
- Dae Jaweon: page 292, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 303, character 18
- Unihan data for U+51A0
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
冠 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𠖌 𭁺 𠙙 𠜍 𢃙 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 冠 | *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns |
| 莞 | *kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 脘 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
| 筦 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
| 梡 | *ŋ̊ʰoːnʔ, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 岏 | *ŋoːn |
| 刓 | *ŋoːn |
| 园 | *ŋoːn |
| 忨 | *ŋoːn, *ŋoːns |
| 蚖 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
| 黿 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
| 抏 | *ŋoːn |
| 玩 | *ŋoːns |
| 貦 | *ŋoːns |
| 翫 | *ŋoːns |
| 妧 | *ŋoːns |
| 完 | *ɦŋoːn |
| 捖 | *ɦŋoːn |
| 垸 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːns |
| 綄 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 院 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋons |
| 皖 | *ɦŋoːnʔ, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 晥 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 浣 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 頑 | *ŋroːn, *ŋroːn |
| 睆 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 鯇 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 元 | *ŋon |
| 沅 | *ŋon |
| 芫 | *ŋon |
| 杬 | *ŋon |
| 邧 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
| 阮 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
| 俒 | *ɦŋuːn, *ɦŋuːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns) and ideogrammic compound (會意): semantic 冖 (“hat”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – a hand putting a hat on the head.
Earlier forms are phono-semantic (形聲, OC *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns): semantic 冃 (“hat”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon).
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)wa-n (“to put on; to wear; to clothe”). Cognate with Tibetan བགོ (bgo, “to put on; to wear; clothing”), གོས (gos, “clothes; garments; dress”), གོན (gon), གྱོན (gyon, “to put on; to wear”), སྐོན (skon, “to dress; to clothe”).
Pronunciation 2 is the exopassive derivation of pronunciation 1, literally "(make someone to) be capped" (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
冠
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 冠
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
冠
- (literary) to put on a hat; to wear a hat
- 沐猴而冠 ― mùhóu'érguàn ― a macaque wearing a hat
- (historical) ceremony marking a male's coming of age at 20
- 男子二十冠而字。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Book of Rites, circa 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Nánzǐ èrshí guàn ér zì. [Pinyin]
- A son at twenty is capped, and receives his appellation.
- (historical, of a male) to reach adulthood
- to rank first; to excel; to surpass
- (literary) to cover
- to precede (e.g. with a title); to attach; to put on
- champion; winner; victor
- (linguistics) Short for 冠詞／冠词 (guàncí, “article”).
- A surname.
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 冠
References[edit]
- “冠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00304
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
冠
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)←くわん (kwan, historical)
- Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)←くわん (kwan, historical)
- Kun: かんむり (kanmuri, 冠, Jōyō)
- Nanori: かもり (kamori); まさる (masaru)
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- 瓜田に履を納れず、李下に冠を正さず (kaden ni kutsu o irezu, rika ni kanmuri o tadasazu)
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 冠 |
| かがふり Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
/kaɡapuri/ → /kaɡafuri/
From Old Japanese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
See also[edit]
- 位階 (ikai, “court rank”)
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 冠 |
| かぶり Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
Likely a shift from kagafuri above, ancient kagapuri. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
- (full house): 大入り (ōiri)
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 冠 |
| かむり Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
A shift from kaburi above. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- headdress, crown
- distance from the tunnel's roof to the surface directly above it
- (poetry) first (traditionally, five) morae of a haiku, etc.; specifically, the first verse or line of a poem
Etymology 4[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 冠 |
| こうぶり Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
A shift from kagafuri above, ancient kagapuri.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 初冠 (uikōburi, “crowning a boy for the first time at a coming-of-age ceremony”)
Etymology 5[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 冠 |
| かんむり Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
The modern spelling. A shift from kōburi above, historical kauburi.[1] Also encountered is kanburi.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a crown (royal headdress)
- 1999 November 18, “冠を戴く蒼き翼 [Crowned Blue Wings]”, in Vol.6, Konami:
- 頭の毛が冠のように見える、青白く燃えるトリ。
- Atama no ke ga kanmuri no yō ni mieru, aojiroku moeru tori.
- A bluish fiery bird whose feathers on its head resemble a crown.
- 頭の毛が冠のように見える、青白く燃えるトリ。
- a type of traditional cap
- name; title; named sponsorship of a program, event, team, etc.
- the top radical of a kanji, such as 冖 as in 冠 itself
Compounds[edit]
Terms derived from かんむり
- 冠海雀 (kanmuri-umisuzume, “Japanese murrelet (Synthliboramphus wumizusume)”)
- 冠鳰 (kanmuri-kaitsuburi, “great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus)”)
- 冠狐猿 (kanmuri-kitsunezaru, “crowned lemur (Eulemur coronatus)”)
- かんむり座 (Kanmuriza, “Corona Borealis)”)
- 冠鷲 (kanmuriwashi, “crested serpent eagle (Spilornis cheela)”)
- 初冠 (uikanmuri, “type of cap in Noh”)
- お冠, 御冠 (o-kanmuri, “bad temper, bad mood”)
Radical names containing 冠
- 麻冠 (asa-kanmuri, "hemp" radical)
- 穴冠 (ana-kanmuri, "hole" radical)
- 雨冠 (ama-kanmuri), 雨冠 (ame-kanmuri, "rain" radical)
- ウ冠 (u-kanmuri, katakana "u" radical)
- 老冠 (oi-kanmuri, "old" radical)
- 髪冠 (kami-kanmuri, "hair" radical)
- 草冠 (kusa-kanmuri, "grass" radical)
- 卦算冠 (keisan-kanmuri, "kettle lid" radical)
- 尸冠 (shikabane-kanmuri, "corpse" radical)
- 大冠 (dai-kanmuri, top "big" radical)
- 竹冠 (take-kanmuri, "bamboo" radical)
- 爪冠 (tsume-kanmuri, top "claw" radical)
- 戸冠 (to-kanmuri, "door" radical)
- 虎冠 (tora-kanmuri, "tiger" radical)
- 山冠 (yama-kanmuri, top "mountain" radical)
- ワ冠 (wa-kanmuri), 平冠 (hira-kanmuri), 冖冠 (beki-kanmuri, katakana "wa" radical)
Proper noun[edit]
- A female given name
- A surname.
Etymology 6[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 冠 |
| さか Grade: S |
| Irregular |
Clipping of 鶏冠 (tosaka). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Etymology 7[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 冠 |
| かん Grade: S |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 冠 (MC kuɑn, kuɑnH).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Compounds derived from かん
- 冠位 (kan'i)
- 冠水 (kansui, “being covered in water; being submerged or inundated”)
- 栄冠 (eikan, “laurels, garland”)
- 王冠 (ōkan, “crown”)
- 極冠 (kyokkan, “polar cap”)
- 鶏冠 (keikan, “cockscomb”)
- 月桂冠 (gekkeikan, “laurel wreath”)
- 主教冠 (shukyōkan, “mitre, miter”)
- 戴冠 (teikan, “coronation”)
- 宝冠 (hōkan, “diadem”)
- 林冠 (hōkan, “tree canopy”)
Derived terms[edit]
- 冠たる (kantaru, “best, unrivalled”)
Adjective[edit]
冠 • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)? †-tari (adnominal 冠たる (kan taru), adverbial 冠と (kan to) or 冠として (kan to shite))
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 冠 (MC kuɑn, kuɑnH). Recorded as Middle Korean 관 (kwan) (Yale: kwan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
冠: Hán Nôm readings: quan, quán
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- ja:Theater
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