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See also:
U+51A0, 冠
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51A0

[U+519F]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+51A1]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 14, +7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 月一山戈 (BMUI), four-corner 37214, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 130, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1580
  • Dae Jaweon: page 292, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 303, character 18
  • Unihan data for U+51A0

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𠖌
𭁺
𠙙
𠜍
𢃙

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns) and ideogrammic compound (會意会意): semantic (hat) + phonetic (OC *ŋon, head) + semantic (hand) – a hand putting a hat on the head.

Earlier forms are phono-semantic (形聲形声, OC *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns): semantic (hat) + phonetic (OC *ŋon).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)wa-n (to put on; to wear; to clothe). Cognate with Tibetan བགོ (bgo, to put on; to wear; clothing), གོས (gos, clothes; garments; dress), གོན (gon), གྱོན (gyon, to put on; to wear), སྐོན (skon, to dress; to clothe).

Pronunciation 2 is the exopassive derivation of pronunciation 1, literally "(make someone to) be capped" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1[edit]


Note:
  • guang1 - Shantou;
  • guêng1 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (28)
    Final () (62)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter kwan
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kuɑn/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kʷɑn/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kuɑn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kwan/
    Li
    Rong
    /kuɑn/
    Wang
    Li
    /kuɑn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /kuɑn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    guān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    gun1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    guān
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ kwan ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[k.ʔ]ˁor/
    English cap (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 16107
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    3
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kŋoːn/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. hat; cap
        ―  huángguān  ―  crown
      楚楚  ―  guānchǔchǔ  ―  well-groomed
    2. hat-shaped thing
        ―  huāguān  ―  wreath; crown
        ―  guān  ―  cockscomb
    Synonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 2[edit]


    Note:
    • guang3 - Shantou;
    • guêng3 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (28)
    Final () (62)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter kwanH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kuɑnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kʷɑnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kuɑnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kwanH/
    Li
    Rong
    /kuɑnH/
    Wang
    Li
    /kuɑnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /kuɑnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    guàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    gun3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    guàn
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ kwanH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*k.ʔˁor-s/
    English cap (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 16109
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    3
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kŋoːns/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. (literary) to put on a hat; to wear a hat
      沐猴而  ―  mùhóu'érguàn  ―  a macaque wearing a hat
    2. (historical) ceremony marking a male's coming of age at 20
    3. (historical, of a male) to reach adulthood
    4. to rank first; to excel; to surpass
        ―  guànjūn  ―  champion
    5. (literary) to cover
    6. to precede (e.g. with a title); to attach; to put on
      夫姓  ―  guàn fūxìng  ―  to add on one's husband's surname
    7. champion; winner; victor
        ―  duóguàn  ―  to take first prize
    8. (linguistics) Short for 冠詞冠词 (guàncí, “article”).
    9. a surname
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (ceremony marking a male's coming of age at 20): 元服 (yuánfú)

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. crown
    2. best, peerless

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    かがふり
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    /kaɡapuri//kaɡafuri/

    From Old Japanese.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • IPA(key): [ka̠ɡa̠ɸɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

    Noun[edit]

    (かがふり) (kagafuri

    1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) head covering; headdress, crown
    2. (by extension, archaic) order, rank
    See also[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    かぶり
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    Likely a shift from kagafuri above, ancient kagapuri. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (かぶり) (kaburi

    1. headdress, crown
    2. (theater) large attendance, full house
    3. (archaic) order, rank
    Synonyms[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    かむり
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    A shift from kaburi above. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (かむり) (kamuri

    1. headdress, crown
    2. distance from the tunnel's roof to the surface directly above it
    3. (poetry) first (traditionally, five) morae of a haiku, etc.; specifically, the first verse or line of a poem

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    こうぶり
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    A shift from kagafuri above, ancient kagapuri.[1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • IPA(key): [ko̞ːbɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

    Noun[edit]

    (こうぶり) (kōburiかうぶり (kauburi)?

    1. headdress, crown
    2. order, rank
    3. Synonym of 年爵 (an annual salary in the Heian period)
    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 5[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    Kanji in this term
    かんむり
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    The modern spelling. A shift from kōburi above, historical kauburi.[1] Also encountered is kanburi.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • IPA(key): [kã̠mbɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

    Noun[edit]

    (かんむり) or (かんぶり) (kanmuri or kanburi

    1. a crown (royal headdress)
      • 1999 November 18, “(かんむり)(いただ)(あお)(つばさ)”, in Vol.6, Konami:
        (あたま)()(かんむり)のように()える、(あお)(じろ)()えるトリ。
        Atama no ke ga kanmuri no yō ni mieru, aojiroku moeru tori.
        A bluish fiery bird whose feathers on its head resemble a crown.
    2. a type of traditional cap
    3. name; title; named sponsorship of a program, event, team, etc.​
    4. the top radical of a kanji, such as as in itself
    Compounds[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    (かんむり) (Kanmuri

    1. a female given name
    2. a surname

    Etymology 6[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    さか
    Grade: S
    irregular

    Clipping of ()(さか) (tosaka). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (さか) (saka

    1. comb, crest (of a bird, particularly a chicken or pheasant); cockscomb

    Etymology 7[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    かん
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese (MC kwan|kwanH).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (かん) (kanくわん (kwan)?

    1. headpiece, crown
    Derived terms[edit]
    Compounds[edit]

    Adjective[edit]

    (かん) (kanくわん (kwan)?-tari (adnominal (かん)とした (kan to shita) or (かん)たる (kan taru), adverbial (かん) (kan to) or (かん)として (kan to shite))

    1. crown; champion

    References[edit]

    1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC kwan|kwanH). Recorded as Middle Korean (kwan) (Yale: kwan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (gat gwan))

    1. Hanja form? of (crown; hat).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: quan, quán

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.