冠

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See also: 冦
冠 U+51A0, 冠
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51A0
← 冟
[U+519F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 冡 →
[U+51A1]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

冠 (radical 14, 冖+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 月一山戈 (BMUI), four-corner 37214, composition ⿱冖㝴)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 130, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1580
  • Dae Jaweon: page 292, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 303, character 18
  • Unihan data for U+51A0

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 冠
alternative forms 𠖌
𠙙
𠜍
𢃙

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (元) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
冠 *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns
莞 *kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ
脘 *ŋkoːnʔ
筦 *ŋkoːnʔ
梡 *ŋ̊ʰoːnʔ, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ
岏 *ŋoːn
刓 *ŋoːn
园 *ŋoːn
忨 *ŋoːn, *ŋoːns
蚖 *ŋoːn, *ŋon
黿 *ŋoːn, *ŋon
抏 *ŋoːn
玩 *ŋoːns
貦 *ŋoːns
翫 *ŋoːns
妧 *ŋoːns
完 *ɦŋoːn
捖 *ɦŋoːn
垸 *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːns
綄 *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ
院 *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋons
皖 *ɦŋoːnʔ, *ɦŋroːnʔ
晥 *ɦŋoːnʔ
浣 *ɦŋoːnʔ
頑 *ŋroːn, *ŋroːn
睆 *ɦŋroːnʔ
鯇 *ɦŋroːnʔ
元 *ŋon
沅 *ŋon
芫 *ŋon
杬 *ŋon
邧 *ŋon, *ŋonʔ
阮 *ŋon, *ŋonʔ
俒 *ɦŋuːn, *ɦŋuːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns) and ideogrammic compound (會意): semantic 冖 (“hat”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – a hand putting a hat on the head.

Earlier forms are phono-semantic (形聲, OC *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns): semantic 冃 (“hat”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)wa-n (“to put on; to wear; to clothe”). Cognate with Tibetan བགོ (bgo, “to put on; to wear; clothing”), གོས (gos, “clothes; garments; dress”), གོན (gon), གྱོན (gyon, “to put on; to wear”), སྐོན (skon, “to dress; to clothe”).

Pronunciation 2 is the exopassive derivation of pronunciation 1, literally "(make someone to) be capped" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • guang1 - Shantou;
  • guêng1 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 冠
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 桓 (62)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 古丸切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kuɑn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʷɑn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kuɑn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kwan/
    Li
    Rong         		/kuɑn/
    Wang
    Li         		/kuɑn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kuɑn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		guān
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 冠
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		guān
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kwan ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[k.ʔ]ˁor/
    English cap (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 冠
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 16107
    Phonetic
    component         		元
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		官
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kŋoːn/

    Definitions[edit]

    冠

    1. hat; cap
      皇冠  ―  huángguān  ―  crown
    2. top part; cap; top
    3. hat-shaped thing
      花冠  ―  huāguān  ―  wreath; crown
    4. cock's crest; comb
      雞冠 / 鸡冠  ―  jīguān  ―  cockscomb

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 冠

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Note:
    • guang3 - Shantou;
    • guêng3 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 冠
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 桓 (62)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 古玩切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kuɑnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʷɑnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kuɑnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kwanH/
    Li
    Rong         		/kuɑnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/kuɑnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kuɑnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		guàn
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 冠
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		guàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kwanH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*k.ʔˁor-s/
    English cap (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 冠
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 16109
    Phonetic
    component         		元
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		貫
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kŋoːns/

    Definitions[edit]

    冠

    1. † to put on a hat; to wear a hat
      沐猴而冠  ―  mùhóu'érguàn  ―  a macaque wearing a hat
    2. (historical) ceremony marking a male's coming of age at 20
    3. † (of a male) to reach adulthood
    4. † to rank first; to excel; to surpass
    5. † to cover; to put on top of
    6. to precede (e.g. with a title); to attach; to put on
    7. † superior; excellent; outstanding
      冠軍 / 冠军  ―  guànjūn  ―  champion
    8. † first place
    9. champion; winner; victor
    10. (linguistics) Short for 冠詞／冠词 (guàncí, “article”).
    11. A surname​.

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 冠

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    冠

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. crown
    2. best, peerless

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    冠
    かがふり
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    /kaɡapuri/ → /kaɡafuri/

    From Old Japanese.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    冠(かがふり) • (kagafuri) 

    1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) head covering; headdress, crown
    2. (by extension, archaic) order, rank
    See also[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    冠
    かぶり
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    Likely a shift from kagafuri above, ancient kagapuri. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    冠(かぶり) • (kaburi) 

    1. headdress, crown
    2. (theater) large attendance, full house
    3. (archaic) order, rank
    Synonyms[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    冠
    かむり
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    A shift from kaburi above. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    冠(かむり) • (kamuri) 

    1. headdress, crown
    2. distance from the tunnel's roof to the surface directly above it
    3. (poetry) first (traditionally, five) morae of a haiku, etc.; specifically, the first verse or line of a poem

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    冠
    こうぶり
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    A shift from kagafuri above, ancient kagapuri.[1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    冠(こうぶり) • (kōburi) ←かうぶり (kauburi)?

    1. headdress, crown
    2. order, rank
    3. Synonym of 年爵 (“an annual salary in the Heian period”)
    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 5[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    Kanji in this term
    冠
    かんむり
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    The modern spelling. A shift from kōburi above, historical kauburi.[1] Also encountered is kanburi.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    冠(かんむり) or 冠(かんぶり) • (kanmuri or kanburi) 

    1. a crown (royal headdress)
      • 1999 November 18, “冠(かんむり)を戴(いただ)く蒼(あお)き翼(つばさ) [Crowned Blue Wings]”, in Vol.6, Konami:
        頭(あたま)の毛(け)が冠(かんむり)のように見(み)える、青(あお)白(じろ)く燃(も)えるトリ。
        Atama no ke ga kanmuri no yō ni mieru, aojiroku moeru tori.
        A bluish fiery bird whose feathers on its head resemble a crown.
    2. a type of traditional cap
    3. name; title; named sponsorship of a program, event, team, etc.​
    4. the top radical of a kanji, such as 冖 as in 冠 itself
    Compounds[edit]
    Terms derived from かんむり
    Radical names containing 冠

    Proper noun[edit]

    冠(かんむり) • (Kanmuri) 

    1. A female given name
    2. A surname​.

    Etymology 6[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    冠
    さか
    Grade: S
    Irregular

    Clipping of 鶏(と)冠(さか) (tosaka). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • (Irregular reading)

    Noun[edit]

    冠(さか) • (saka) 

    1. comb, crest (of a bird, particularly a chicken or pheasant); cockscomb

    Etymology 7[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    冠
    かん
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 冠 (MC kuɑn, kuɑnH).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    冠(かん) • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?

    1. headpiece, crown
    Compounds[edit]
    Compounds derived from かん
    Derived terms[edit]

    Adjectival noun[edit]

    冠(かん) • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)? †-tari (adnominal 冠(かん)たる (kan taru), adverbial 冠(かん)と (kan to) or 冠(かん)として (kan toshite))

    1. crown; champion

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 冠 (MC kuɑn, kuɑnH). Recorded as Middle Korean 관 (Yale: kwan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    冠 (eumhun 갓 관 (gat gwan))

    1. Hanja form? of 관 (“crown; hat”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    冠: Hán Nôm readings: quan, quán

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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