局限

See also: 侷限

Chinese

		situation; office; (a measure word used for games) set or round office	limit; bound
trad. (局限/侷限)		局/侷	限
simp. (局限)		局	限

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): júxiàn

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): guk⁶ haan⁶
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): goeh⁷ hang⁵ / gyoeh⁷ hang⁵
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kio̍k-hǎn / kio̍k-hān / kio̍k-ān / kia̍k-hǎn / ke̍k-hān

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: júxiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyúsiàn
  - Wade–Giles: chü²-hsien⁴
  - Yale: jyú-syàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyushiann
  - Palladius: цзюйсянь (czjujsjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: guk⁶ haan⁶
  - Yale: guhk haahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: guk⁹ haan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gug⁶ han⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊk̚² haːn²²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: goeh⁷ hang⁵ [Phonetic: goeh⁴ hang⁵]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ge̤̍h-hāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kœʔ⁴⁻⁴² haŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gyoeh⁷ hang⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyøʔ⁴ haŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kio̍k-hǎn
  - Tâi-lô: kio̍k-hǎn
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔk̚²⁴⁻² han²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kio̍k-hān
  - Tâi-lô: kio̍k-hān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kioghan
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔk̚⁴⁻³² han³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔk̚⁴⁻³² han²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kio̍k-ān
  - Tâi-lô: kio̍k-ān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiog'an
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ an²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kia̍k-hǎn
  - Tâi-lô: kia̍k-hǎn
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kiak̚²⁴⁻² han²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke̍k-hān
  - Tâi-lô: ki̍k-hān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: keghan
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² han²²/

Verb

局限

to limit; to confine

Synonyms

edit

主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
主張 / 主张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)
克制 (kèzhì)
克治 (kèzhì) (literary)
制壓 / 制压 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
制禦 / 制御 (zhìyù) (literary)
制約 / 制约 (zhìyuē)
君 (jūn) (literary)
執掌 / 执掌 (zhízhǎng)
壓制 / 压制 (yāzhì)
壓抑 / 压抑 (yāyì)
局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
左右 (zuǒyòu)
把
抑制 (yìzhì)
把持 (bǎchí)
把控 (bǎkòng)
把攬 / 把揽 (bǎlǎn)
抵制 (dǐzhì)
拘束 (jūshù)
按 (àn)
按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
控 (literary, or in compounds)
控制 (kòngzhì)
掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
掌握 (zhǎngwò)
提控 (tíkòng) (literary)
撥弄 / 拨弄 (bōnòng)
撙節 / 撙节 (zǔnjié)
操控 (cāokòng)
操縱 / 操纵 (cāozòng)
擺佈 / 摆布 (bǎibù)
擺治 / 摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
支配 (zhīpèi)
收斂 / 收敛 (shōuliǎn)
束 (literary, or in compounds)
束縛 / 束缚 (shùfù)
柄 (literary, or in compounds)
框 (kuàng)
禁錮 / 禁锢 (jìngù) (figurative)
積壓 / 积压 (jīyā) (figurative)
節制 / 节制 (jiézhì)
節撙 / 节撙 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
管制 (guǎnzhì)
管束 (guǎnshù)
約束 / 约束 (yuēshù)
統御 / 统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
統治 / 统治 (tǒngzhì)
羈束 / 羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
裁 (cái) (literary, or in compounds)
遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
鎮 / 镇 (zhèn)
限 (xiàn)
限乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)
限制 (xiànzhì)
駕 / 驾 (jià)
駕馭 / 驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)

Derived terms

局限性 (júxiànxìng)

Noun

局限

limitation

Japanese

Kanji in this term
局	限
きょく Grade: 3	げん Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きょくげん [kyòkúgéń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
(Tokyo) きょくげん [kyòkúꜜgèǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1]^[4]
(Tokyo) きょくげん [kyòkúgéꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1]
IPA^(key): [kʲo̞kɯ̟ɡẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

局(きょく)限(げん) • (kyokugen) ^{←きよくげん (kyokugen)^?}

limit, localisation

Verb

局(きょく)限(げん)する • (kyokugen suru) ^{←きよくげん (kyokugen)^?}transitive suru (stem 局(きょく)限(げん)し (kyokugen shi), past 局(きょく)限(げん)した (kyokugen shita))

to limit, to confine

Conjugation

Conjugation of "局限する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	局限し	きょくげんし	kyokugen shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	局限し	きょくげんし	kyokugen shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	局限する	きょくげんする	kyokugen suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	局限する	きょくげんする	kyokugen suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	局限すれ	きょくげんすれ	kyokugen sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	局限せよ¹ 局限しろ²	きょくげんせよ¹ きょくげんしろ²	kyokugen seyo¹ kyokugen shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	局限される	きょくげんされる	kyokugen sareru
Causative	局限させる局限さす	きょくげんさせるきょくげんさす	kyokugen saseru kyokugen sasu
Potential	局限できる	きょくげんできる	kyokugen dekiru
Volitional	局限しよう	きょくげんしよう	kyokugen shiyō
Negative	局限しない	きょくげんしない	kyokugen shinai
Negative continuative	局限せず	きょくげんせず	kyokugen sezu
Formal	局限します	きょくげんします	kyokugen shimasu
Perfective	局限した	きょくげんした	kyokugen shita
Conjunctive	局限して	きょくげんして	kyokugen shite
Hypothetical conditional	局限すれば	きょくげんすれば	kyokugen sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“局限”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 “局限”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

Korean

Hanja in this term
局	限

Noun

局限 • (gukhan) (hangeul 국한)

hanja form^? of 국한 (“limit, localisation”)

[SMK7-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[NKD2-4] 4.0 ^4.1 “局限”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

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