亂彈

See also: 乱弹

Chinese

		in confusion; disorderly	bullet; shot; ball bullet; shot; ball; to play (a stringed instrument); to pluck a string; impeach
trad. (亂彈)		亂	彈
simp. (乱弹)		乱	弹
Literally: “chaotic/disorderly plucking”.

Etymology

An originally derogatory term referring to the tuning system of seven equal divisions of the octave used by local Chinese opera/theater forms during the Qing Dynasty; this system was regarded by some as inferior to the Pythagorean system of tuning, with its twelve divisions of the octave, which had been used during the Ming Dynasty.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): luàntán

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄢˋ ㄊㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lyun⁶ taan⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lān-thân
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lonn⁵ dan²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: luàntán
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄢˋ ㄊㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: luàntán
    • Wade–Giles: luan⁴-tʻan²
    • Yale: lwàn-tán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luanntarn
    • Palladius: луаньтань (luanʹtanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯än⁵¹ tʰän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lyun⁶ taan⁴
    • Yale: lyuhn tàahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lyn⁶ taan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: lün⁶ tan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lyːn²² tʰaːn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lān-thân
    • Tâi-lô: lān-thân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: laxntaan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lan²²⁻²¹ tʰan²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lan⁴¹⁻²² tʰan²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lan²²⁻²¹ tʰan¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lan³³⁻¹¹ tʰan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lan³³⁻²¹ tʰan²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: lonn⁵ dan²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lõ²¹⁻¹¹ tan¹³/

Noun

亂彈

1. (mid-Qing dynasty, derogatory) various forms of local Chinese opera that arose during that time
2. (music) Alternative name for 秦腔 (Qínqiāng, “Qinqiang; Shaanxi opera”).
3. (music) Alternative name for 北管戲／北管戏.
4. (Xiang, music) one of the two major types of vocal music in Hunanese opera

Synonyms

• (various forms of local Chinese opera): 花部
• (type of vocal music in Hunanese opera): (Xiang) 彈腔／弹腔