exile

See also: Exile and exilé

English

Etymology

From Middle English exil, borrowed from Old French essil, exil, from Latin exsilium, exilium (“state of exile”), derived from exsul, exul (“exiled person”).

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /ˈɛɡˌzaɪl/, /ˈɛkˌsaɪl/
• Hyphenation: ex‧ile

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

Noun

exile (countable and uncountable, plural exiles)

1. (uncountable) The state of being banished from one's home or country.

   He lived in exile.

   They chose exile rather than assimilation.

   • c. 1590–1591, William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene iv]:

     Let them be recalled from their exile.

   Synonym: banishment

2. (countable) Someone who is banished from their home or country.
   • c. 1588–1593, William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene iii]:

     Thou art an exile, and thou must not stay.

   She lived as an exile.

   Synonyms: expatriate, expat

Derived terms

• internal exile

Translations

the state of being banished from one's home or country

• Albanian: syrgjyni m, internimi m
• Arabic: نَفْي‎ ? (nafy)
• Aramaic: גלותא‎ f
• Armenian: աքսոր (hy) (akʿsor), աքսորում (hy) (akʿsorum)
• Asturian: exiliu m, estierru m, destierru m
• Azerbaijani: sürgün
• Bashkir: һөргөн (hörgön)
• Bulgarian: изгнание (bg) n (izgnanie), заточение (bg) n (zatočenie)
• Catalan: exili (ca) m, bandejament m, desterrament m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 流亡 (zh) (liúwáng), 放逐 (zh) (fàngzhú), 流放 (zh) (liúfàng)

• Czech: vyhnanství n, exil (cs) m
• Danish: eksil n
• Dutch: ballingschap (nl) f
• Finnish: maanpako (fi), maanpakolaisuus (fi)
• French: exil (fr) m
• Galician: exilio m, desterro m
• Georgian: გაძევება (gaʒeveba), განდევნა (gandevna)
• German: Exil (de) n, Verbannung (de) f
• Greek: εξορία (el) f (exoría)

  Ancient: ἐξορία f (exoría)

• Hebrew: גלות‎ (he) (galút)
• Hindi: निर्वासन (hi) ? (nirvāsan)
• Hungarian: száműzés (hu), száműzetés (hu)
• Indonesian: pengasingan (id)

• Irish: deoraíocht f
• Italian: esilio (it) m
• Japanese: 亡命 (ja) (ぼうめい, bōmei), 追放 (ja) (ついほう, tsuihō)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: sirgûn (ku) f

• Latin: exsilium n, ablēgātiō f
• Latvian: trimda f, izraidījums m
• Maltese: eżilju m
• Manx: joarreeaght f, joarreeys m
• Maori: whakapakotanga
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: eksil n, utlendighet m or f

  Nynorsk: eksil n

• Occitan: exili (oc) m
• Old English: wræc n
• Polish: uchodźstwo n, wygnanie (pl) n, banicja (pl) f (historical)
• Portuguese: exílio (pt) m, desterro (pt) m
• Romanian: exil (ro) n, exilare (ro) f
• Russian: ссы́лка (ru) f (ssýlka), изгна́ние (ru) n (izgnánije)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Roman: izgnànstvo n, prògōnstvo (sh) n

• Spanish: exilio (es) m, destierro (es) m
• Swedish: exil (sv) c
• Tibetan: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: sürgün (tr)
• Volapük: xil (vo)
• Welsh: alltudiaeth f

someone who is banished from one's home or country

• Albanian: i internuari m, e internuara f
• Armenian: աքսորյալ (hy) (akʿsoryal)
• Bashkir: һөрөлгән кеше (hörölgän keše)
• Bulgarian: изгнаник (bg) m (izgnanik), заточеник (bg) m (zatočenik)
• Catalan: exiliat (ca) m, exiliada (ca) f, bandejat (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: please add this translation if you can

• Crimean Tatar: please add this translation if you can
• Czech: vyhnanec m, exulant (cs) m
• Dutch: banneling (nl) m
• Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
• Estonian: please add this translation if you can
• Finnish: maanpakolainen (fi)
• French: exilé (fr) m
• Georgian: please add this translation if you can
• German: Exilant (de) m, Exilantin f, Verbannter m
• Greek: εξόριστος (el) m (exóristos)
• Hebrew: גולה‎ m or f
• Hungarian: száműzött (hu)
• Irish: deoraí m
• Italian: esiliato (it), esule (it)
• Japanese: 亡命者 (ぼうめいしゃ, bōmeisha)

• Latin: exsul m or f
• Latvian: trimdinieks m, izraidītais m
• Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
• Manx: eebyrtagh m, fogaragh m, skeayltagh m
• Old English: wreċċa m
• Polish: wygnaniec (pl) m, banita (pl) m (historical), banitka (pl) f (historical)
• Portuguese: exilado (pt) m
• Romanian: exilat (ro) m
• Russian: ссы́льный (ru) m (ssýlʹnyj), изгна́нник (ru) m (izgnánnik)
• Scottish Gaelic: fògarrach m, deòradh m, eilthireach m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Roman: ìzgnanīk m, ìzgnanica f, prògnanīk (sh) m, prògnanica (sh) f

• Slovak: please add this translation if you can
• Spanish: exiliado (es) m, desterrado (es) m
• Swedish: landsflykting c
• Tibetan: བཙན་བྱོལ་བ (btsan byol ba)
• Turkish: please add this translation if you can
• Ukrainian: please add this translation if you can
• Volapük: xiläb (vo)
• Welsh: alltud m or f
• West Frisian: balling ?

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Breton: ^{(please verify)} divroañ (br) ?
• Icelandic: ^{(please verify)} útlagi ?

Verb

exile (third-person singular simple present exiles, present participle exiling, simple past and past participle exiled)

1. (transitive) To send into exile.
   • a. 1892, Alfred Tennyson, The Passing of Arthur

     Exiled from eternal God.

   • c. 1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene viii]:

     Calling home our exiled friends abroad.

   Synonyms: banish, forban

Translations

to send into exile

• Asturian: exiliar, esterrar, desterrar
• Azerbaijani: sürgün etmək, sürmək (az), sürdürmək
• Belarusian: высыла́ць impf (vysylácʹ), вы́слаць pf (výslacʹ)
• Bulgarian: заточавам (bg) (zatočavam)
• Catalan: exiliar (ca), bandejar (ca), desterrar (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: please add this translation if you can

• Dalmatian: esiljur
• Danish: forvise
• Dutch: verbannen (nl)
• Esperanto: ekzili
• Finnish: karkottaa (fi), ajaa maanpakoon
• French: exiler (fr)
• Galician: exiliar, desterrar (gl)
• German: ins Exil schicken, exilieren
• Greek: εξορίζω (el) (exorízo)

  Ancient: ἐξορίζω (exorízō)

• Hebrew: הגלה‎ (higlá)

• Hungarian: száműz (hu)
• Irish: ionnarb, díbir
• Italian: esiliare (it)
• Latin: exsulo
• Latvian: izraidīt
• Luxembourgish: exiléieren
• Manx: eebyrt, eebree
• Maori: whakapako
• Norwegian: forvise
• Occitan: exiliar (oc), faidir, fòrabandir (oc)
• Polish: wygnać (pl), banitować (pl) impf (historical or literary)
• Portuguese: exilar (pt), desterrar (pt)
• Romanian: exila (ro)
• Russian: вы́сылать (ru) impf (výsylatʹ), вы́слать (ru) pf (výslatʹ)
• Spanish: exiliar (es), desterrar (es), proscribir (es), trasterrar (esp. Mexico)
• Swedish: landsförvisa (sv), exilera (sv)
• Tibetan: please add this translation if you can
• Ukrainian: висила́ти impf (vysyláty), ви́слати pf (výslaty)
• Welsh: alltudio

Anagrams

• Lexie, lexie

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French

Verb

exile

1. inflection of exiler:
   1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
   2. second-person singular imperative

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Latin

Adjective

exīle

1. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of exīlis

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Portuguese

Verb

exile

1. first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of exilar
2. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of exilar
3. third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of exilar
4. third-person singular (você) negative imperative of exilar

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Spanish

Verb

exile

1. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of exilar.
2. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of exilar.
3. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of exilar.
4. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of exilar.