戚

See also: 慼

戚	U+621A, 戚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-621A

← 戙
[U+6219]

CJK Unified Ideographs

戛 →
[U+621B]

Translingual

Han character

戚 (Kangxi radical 62, 戈+7, 11 strokes, Cangjie input 戈竹卜一火 (IHYMF), four-corner 5320₀, composition ⿵戊尗)

Derived characters

傶, 嘁, 墄, 慽, 摵, 槭, 磩, 䙘, 縬 (𦈚), 䗩, 䠞, 鏚 (𬭭), 顣 (𫖹), 㗤, 㞝, 慼, 蹙

Additional derived characters

𠗼, 𡠽, 𤠽, 𤨟, 𦟠, 𥉷, 𥼀, 𦪊, 𧫳, 𩥼, 𬴈, 𳏟, 𡻷, 𦸗, 𪔯, 𥀻, 𳑀, 𦄉, 𧐶, 𮙖, 𮜦, 𲚛

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 412, character 38
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11594
Dae Jaweon: page 755, character 26
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1406, character 15
Unihan data for U+621A

Chinese

simp. and trad.		戚
alternative forms		鏚／𬭭 battle axe 𡫁

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 戚
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (尗) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
椒	*ʔsliw
茮	*ʔsliw
踧	l'ɯːwɢ, ʔslɯwɢ
蔋	*l'ɯːwɢ
惄	*nɯːwɢ
戚	*sʰlɯːwɢ
慼	*sʰlɯːwɢ
鏚	*sʰlɯːwɢ
慽	*sʰlɯːwɢ
磩	*sʰlɯːwɢ
寂	*zlɯːwɢ
嘁	*ʔsluːb
墄	*sʰlɯːɡ
摵	srɯːɡ, ʔslɯwɢ, *srɯwɢ
督	*ʔl'uːwɢ
錖	*ʔl'uːwɢ
裻	ʔl'uːwɢ, sluːwɢ
傶	*ʔslɯːwɢ
蹙	*ʔslɯwɢ
槭	*ʔslɯwɢ
縬	ʔslɯwɢ, ʔsrɯwɢ
顣	*ʔslɯwɢ
敊	*l̥ʰɯwɢ
琡	ʔljɯwɢ, l̥ʰjɯwɢ
俶	*l̥ʰjɯwɢ
埱	*l̥ʰjɯwɢ
淑	*ɦljɯwɢ
婌	*ɦljɯwɢ
尗	*hljɯwɢ
叔	*hljɯwɢ
掓	*hljɯwɢ
菽	*hljɯwɢ
鮛	*hljɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰlɯːwɢ): semantic 戊 (“scythe”) + phonetic 尗 (OC *hljɯwɢ) – in early sense, a battle-axe, a kind of cutting weapon. Later borrowed to mean "relative".

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qī (qi¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cik¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhit
Northern Min (KCR): chĭ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhek / chhiak

(Teochew, Peng'im): cêg⁴
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁷chiq / ⁷tshiq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qī
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ci
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi¹
  - Yale: chī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chi
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cik¹
  - Yale: chīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: qig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhit
  - Hakka Romanization System: qid^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰit̚²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Dehua, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek
  - Tâi-lô: tshik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zheg
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Dehua): /t͡sʰiɪk̚⁴²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
  - Tâi-lô: tshiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiak̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cêg⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshek
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰek̚²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁷chiq
  - MiniDict: chih^入
  - MiniDict: chieh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴qiq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵⁵/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁷tshiq
  - MiniDict: tshih^入
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sʰiɪʔ⁴³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 戚
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/ /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/ 姓
	Qingdao	/t͡sʰi⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sʰi²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰji⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰi³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰi³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰiʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰiəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰei²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰiʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sʰi⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sʰi²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sʰi²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰiʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰit̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰit̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰek̚⁵/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰek̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰek̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sʰik̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sʰɛiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sʰi²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰek̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sek̚⁵/ /se⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: tshek

Rime
Character	戚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	倉歷切
Baxter	tshek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰek̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰiek̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.tʰˤiwk/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰlɯːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戚	戚	戚	戚
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qī	qī	qī	qī
Middle Chinese	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›
Old Chinese	/*s.tʰˁiwk/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/
English	(in "toad")	relatives	kind of battle axe	worried; sad; depressed
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戚
Reading #	1/1
No.	11729
Phonetic component	尗
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	戚
Old Chinese	/*sʰlɯːwɢ/

Definitions

戚

(historical) battle-axe
- 形天與帝至此（奇肱之國）爭神，帝斷其首，葬之長羊之山。乃以乳為目，以臍為口，操干戚以舞。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  形天与帝至此（奇肱之国）争神，帝断其首，葬之长羊之山。乃以乳为目，以脐为口，操干戚以舞。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Mountains and Seas
  Xíngtiān yǔ dì zhì cǐ (jī gōng zhī guó) zhēng shén, dì duàn qí shǒu, zàng zhī chángyáng zhī shān. Nǎi yǐ rǔ wéi mù, yǐ qí wéi kǒu, cāo gān qī yǐ wǔ. [Pinyin]
  When Xingtian fought with the Supreme Deity there (the land of people with odd/uneven upper-arms), the Supreme Deity decapitated him and buried his head at Changyang Mountain. [But Xingtian's] nipples became his eyes, his belly button became his mouth and the thrusting of his shield and battle-axe became his dance.
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) maternal relatives
外戚 ― wàiqī ― relatives of the emperor's mother's or wife's side
(by extension) relatives
to be related to
(alt. form 慼, 慽) sadness; sorrow; grief
a surname
戚繼光／戚继光 ― Qī Jìguāng ― Qi Jiguang (Ming dynasty general)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

戚

(Jōyō kanji)

grieve

Readings

Go-on: しゃく (shaku)
Kan-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)
On: そく (soku)
Kun: みうち (miuchi, 戚)、いたむ (itamu, 戚む)、うれえる (ureeru, 戚える)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 戚 (MC tshek). Recorded as Middle Korean 쳑 (chyek) (Yale: chyek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

戚

戚 (eumhun 친척 척 (chincheok cheok))

hanja form^? of 척 (“kin; relative”)
hanja form^? of 척 (“grieve”)

Compounds

애척 (哀戚, aecheok)
외척 (外戚, oecheok)
인척 (姻戚, incheok)
친인척 (親姻戚, chinincheok)
친척 (親戚, chincheok)
휴척 (休戚, hyucheok)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

戚: Hán Nôm readings: thích

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