乳

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乳 U+4E73, 乳
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E73
← 乲
[U+4E72] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 乴 →
[U+4E74]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

乳 (radical 5, 乙+7, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月木山 (BDU), four-corner 22410, composition ⿰孚乚)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 84, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 190
  • Dae Jaweon: page 171, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 55, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4E73

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 乳
alternative forms 奶 Min Dong
𬂌 Min Dong

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 乳
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
乳-oracle.svg 乳-seal.svg 乳-bigseal.svg
Oracle bone script
ACC-j25390.svg

j25390

Small seal script
ACC-s08669.svg

s08669

Transcribed ancient scripts
ACC-L34366.svg

L34366

ACC-L14508.svg

L14508

ACC-L14509.svg

L14509

ACC-L14510.svg

L14510

ACC-L14511.svg

L14511

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (乳) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
啂 *noːʔ
乳 *njoʔ

Pictogram (象形): A woman breastfeeding a child.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəw.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • nĕng/nèng - colloquial;
  • ṳ̄ - literary.
  • Min Nan
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 乳
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 日 (38)
    Final (韻) 虞 (24)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 而主切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ȵɨoX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ȵioX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȵʑioX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ȵuə̆X/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȵioX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȵʑĭuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȵʑi̯uX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		rǔ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jyu5
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 乳
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		rǔ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ nyuX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*noʔ/
    English milk; nipple

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 乳
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 10868
    Phonetic
    component         		乳
    Rime
    group         		侯
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		乳
    Old
    Chinese         		/*njoʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    乳

    1. (literary, or in compounds) to breastfeed; to suckle
    2. (literary, or in compounds) breast; nipples
    3. (literary, or in compounds) milk; breast milk
    4. (literary, or in compounds) milk- or cheese-like substance
    5. (literary, or in compounds) young and small
    6. (literary, or in compounds) to multiply; to proliferate; to reproduce; to breed

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (to breastfeed):
    edit
    • (breast): 乳房 (rǔfáng)
    • (milk):
    edit
    • 乳汁 (rǔzhī)
    • 唧唧 (Xiang, childish)
    • 奶 (nǎi) (literary, or in compounds)
    • 奶唧唧 (Xiang, childish)
    • 奶奶 (Sichuanese, childish in Cantonese, Wu)
    • 奶子 (nǎizi) (dialectal, colloquial)
    • (young and small): 幼小 (yòuxiǎo)
    • (to multiply):
    edit

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    		乳

    Kyūjitai

    		乳

    Kanji[edit]

    乳

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    乳
    ちち
    Grade: 6
    kun’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    乳(ちち) • (chichi) 

    1. (dated) milk
    2. breast (of a woman, of a female mammal)

    Synonyms[edit]

    Derived terms[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    • → Korean: 찌찌 (jjijji)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    乳
    ち
    Grade: 6
    kun’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    乳(ち) • (chi) 

    1. (archaic) milk
    2. (archaic) breast

    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 乳 (MC ȵɨoX).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅀᅲᆼ〯 (Yale: zyǔ)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 졋〮 (Yale: cyés) ᅀᅲ〯 (Yale: zyǔ)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    乳 (eumhun 젖 유 (jeot yu))

    1. Hanja form? of 유 (“breast”).
    2. Hanja form? of 유 (“milk”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    乳: Hán Việt readings: nhũ[1][2][3]
    乳: Nôm readings: vú[1][3][4], nhỏ[1][2], nhủ[1][2], nhũ[2][4], nhả[2], nhỗ[3], nhú[5]

    1. Hán tự form of nhũ (“breast”).
    2. Nôm form of vú (“breast”).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
    5. ^ Hồ (1976).
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