乳

乳	U+4E73, 乳 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E73

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

乳 (radical 5, 乙+7, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月木山 (BDU), four-corner 2241₀, composition ⿰孚乚)

References[edit]

KangXi: page 84, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 190
Dae Jaweon: page 171, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 55, character 4
Unihan data for U+4E73

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		乳

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 乳

Shang

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Oracle bone script

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Oracle bone script**
j25390

**Small seal script**
s08669

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L34366	L14508	L14509	L14510	L14511

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (乳) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
啂	*noːʔ
乳	*njoʔ

Pictogram (象形): A woman breastfeeding a child.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəw.

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rǔ (ru³)

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yî
Min Dong (BUC): nĕng / nèng / ṳ̄
Min Nan (POJ): jú / lú / jí
Wu (Wiktionary): zr (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: rǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˇ
  - Wade–Giles: ju³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruu
  - IPA ^(key): /ʐu²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁵
  - Yale: yúh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /jyː¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî
  - Hakka Romanization System: i´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹
  - IPA: /i²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)i´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹
  - IPA: /(j)i²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nĕng / nèng / ṳ̄
  - IPA ^(key): /nˡɛiŋ⁵⁵/, /nˡɛiŋ⁵³/, /y³³/

Note:

nĕng/nèng - colloquial;
ṳ̄ - literary.

Min Nan

(Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jú
- Tâi-lô: jú
- Phofsit Daibuun: juo
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu⁴¹/
(Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lú
- Tâi-lô: lú
- Phofsit Daibuun: luo
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lu⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /lu⁵³/
(Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jí
- Tâi-lô: jí
- Phofsit Daibuun: jie
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑi⁵³/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: zr (T3)
- IPA ^(key): /z̻z̩²³/

Middle Chinese: /ȵɨo^X/▼

Rime
Character	乳
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	而主切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵio^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑio^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵuə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ȵio^X/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rǔ

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*noʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*njoʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乳
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ nyu^X ›
Old Chinese	/*noʔ/
English	milk; nipple
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乳
Reading #	1/1
No.	10868
Phonetic component	乳
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	乳
Old Chinese	/*njoʔ/

Definitions[edit]

乳

Compounds[edit]

乳劑／乳剂
乳化
乳化劑／乳化剂 (rǔhuàjì)
乳名 (rǔmíng)
乳山 (Rǔshān)
乳山市
乳房 (rǔfáng)
乳暈／乳晕 (rǔyùn)
乳母 (rǔmǔ)
乳汁 (rǔzhī)
乳溝／乳沟 (rǔgōu)
乳牙 (rǔyá)
乳牛 (rǔniú)
乳癌 (rǔ'ái)
乳白 (rǔbái)
乳白天空
乳白色 (rǔbáisè)
乳突
乳突竇／乳突窦
乳糖 (rǔtáng)
乳糖不耐 (rǔtáng bùnài)

乳罩 (rǔzhào)
乳脂 (rǔzhī)
乳脂湯／乳脂汤
乳腐
乳腺 (rǔxiàn)
乳腺炎 (rǔxiànyán)
乳腺癌 (rǔxiàn'ái)
乳膠／乳胶 (rǔjiāo)
乳臭未乾／乳臭未干 (rǔxiùwèigān)
乳製品／乳制品 (rǔzhìpǐn)
乳豬／乳猪
乳酪 (rǔlào)
乳酪蛋糕 (rǔlào dàngāo)
乳酸 (rǔsuān)
乳酸菌 (rǔsuānjūn)
乳頭／乳头 (rǔtóu)
乳頭瘤／乳头瘤
乳香 (rǔxiāng)
乳齒／乳齿 (rǔchǐ)
催乳 (cuīrǔ)
南乳 (nánrǔ)

哺乳 (bǔrǔ)
哺母乳
孳乳
授乳 (shòurǔ)
母乳 (mǔrǔ)
沐浴乳 (mùyùrǔ)
洗髮乳／洗发乳
潔面乳／洁面乳
潤膚乳／润肤乳
煉乳／炼乳 (liànrǔ)
石鐘乳／石钟乳
腐乳 (fǔrǔ)
膠乳／胶乳 (jiāorǔ)
護髮乳／护发乳
酪乳 (làorǔ)
酸乳
隆乳 (lóngrǔ)
雙乳／双乳
離乳／离乳
餵母乳／喂母乳

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai	乳
Kyūjitai	乳

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Go-on: にゅう (nyū, Jōyō)
Kan-on: じゅ (ju)
Kun: ち (chi, 乳); ちち (chichi, 乳, Jōyō)

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

牛 (ぎゅう)乳 (にゅう) (gyūnyū): cow's milk
巨 (きょ)乳 (にゅう) (kyonyū)
卒乳 (そつにゅう) (sotsunyū): weaning
乳押 (ちちお)さえ (chichiosae): bra (brassiere)
超 (ちょう)乳 (にゅう) (chōnyū)
乳 (にゅう)癌 (がん) (nyūgan): breast cancer
乳 (にゅう)香 (こう) (nyūkō): frankincense
乳 (にゅう)酸 (さん) (nyūsan): lactic acid
乳 (にゅう)汁 (じゅう) (nyūjū): milk
爆乳 (ばくにゅう) (bakunyū)
馬 (ば)乳 (にゅう) (banyū): mare's milk
貧 (ひん)乳 (にゅう) (hinnyū)
魔 (ま)乳 (にゅう) (manyū)

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
乳
ちち Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) ちち [chìchíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]^[2]
- (Tokyo) ちち [chíꜜchì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
- IPA^(key): [t͡ɕi̥t͡ɕi]

Noun[edit]

乳 (hiragana ちち, rōmaji chichi)

(dated) milk
breast (of a woman, of a female mammal)

Synonyms[edit]

お乳 (ちち) (ochichi, “milk”)
おっぱい (oppai, “milk, breast”)
乳房 (ちぶさ) (chibusa, “breast”)
胸 (むね) (mune, “breast”)

Derived terms[edit]

上乳 (うえちち) (uechichi): the upper part of a woman's breast
お乳 (ちち) (ochichi): milk
下乳 (したちち) (shitachichi): underboob (the lower part of a woman's breast)
乳 (ちち)搾 (しぼ)り (chichishibori)

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
乳
ち Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) ち [chíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
- IPA^(key): [t͡ɕi]

Noun[edit]

乳 (hiragana ち, rōmaji chi)

(archaic) milk
(archaic) breast

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

乳 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

乳 (nhũ, vú, nhú, nhỗ)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

Nom Foundation

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

乳

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

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