乳

乳	U+4E73, 乳 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E73

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

乳 (radical 5, 乙+7, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月木山 (BDU), four-corner 2241₀, composition ⿰孚乚)

Derived characters[edit]

啂㳶𡝦𥯇

References[edit]

KangXi: page 84, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 190
Dae Jaweon: page 171, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 55, character 4
Unihan data for U+4E73

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		乳

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 乳

Shang

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Oracle bone script

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Oracle bone script**
j25390

**Small seal script**
s08669

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L34366	L14508	L14509	L14510	L14511

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (乳) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
啂	*noːʔ
乳	*njoʔ

Pictogram (象形): A woman breastfeeding a child.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəw.

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rǔ (ru³)

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yî
Jin (Wiktionary): ru²
Min Dong (BUC): nĕng / nèng / ṳ̄
Min Nan (POJ): jí / jú / lú
Wu (Wiktionary): zr (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: rǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˇ
  - Wade–Giles: ju³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruu
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rǔ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁵
  - Yale: yúh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî
  - Hakka Romanization System: i´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /i²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)i´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i²⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ru²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʐu⁵³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nĕng / nèng / ṳ̄
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡɛiŋ⁵⁵/, /nˡɛiŋ⁵³/, /y³³/

Note:

nĕng/nèng - colloquial;
ṳ̄ - literary.

Min Nan

(Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jí
- Tâi-lô: jí
- Phofsit Daibuun: jie
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑi⁵³/
(Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jú
- Tâi-lô: jú
- Phofsit Daibuun: juo
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu⁴¹/
(Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lú
- Tâi-lô: lú
- Phofsit Daibuun: luo
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lu⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /lu⁵³/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: zr (T3)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /z̻z̩²³/

Middle Chinese: /ȵɨo^X/

Rime
Character	乳
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	而主切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵio^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑio^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵuə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ȵio^X/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rǔ

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*noʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*njoʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乳
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ nyu^X ›
Old Chinese	/*noʔ/
English	milk; nipple
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乳
Reading #	1/1
No.	10868
Phonetic component	乳
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	乳
Old Chinese	/*njoʔ/

Definitions[edit]

乳

Compounds[edit]

乳劑／乳剂
乳化
乳化劑／乳化剂 (rǔhuàjì)
乳名 (rǔmíng)
乳山 (Rǔshān)
乳房 (rǔfáng)
乳暈／乳晕 (rǔyùn)
乳母 (rǔmǔ)
乳汁 (rǔzhī)
乳溝／乳沟 (rǔgōu)
乳牙 (rǔyá)
乳牛 (rǔniú)
乳癌 (rǔ'ái)
乳白 (rǔbái)
乳突 (rǔtū)
乳突竇／乳突窦
乳糖 (rǔtáng)
乳罩 (rǔzhào)
乳脂 (rǔzhī)
乳腐 (rǔfǔ)

乳腺 (rǔxiàn)
乳膠／乳胶 (rǔjiāo)
乳臭 (rǔxiù)
乳製品／乳制品 (rǔzhìpǐn)
乳豬／乳猪 (rǔzhū)
乳輪／乳轮
乳酪 (rǔlào)
乳酸 (rǔsuān)
乳頭／乳头 (rǔtóu)
乳首
乳香 (rǔxiāng)
乳齒／乳齿 (rǔchǐ)
催乳 (cuīrǔ)
南乳 (nánrǔ)
哺乳 (bǔrǔ)
哺母乳
孳乳
寄乳 (jìrǔ)
授乳 (shòurǔ)

母乳 (mǔrǔ)
沐浴乳 (mùyùrǔ)
洗髮乳／洗发乳 (xǐfàrǔ)
潔面乳／洁面乳
潤膚乳／润肤乳 (rùnfūrǔ)
煉乳／炼乳 (liànrǔ)
石鐘乳／石钟乳
羊乳 (yángrǔ)
腐乳 (fǔrǔ)
膠乳／胶乳 (jiāorǔ)
護髮乳／护发乳
酪乳 (làorǔ)
酸乳
隆乳 (lóngrǔ)
雙乳／双乳
離乳／离乳
餵母乳／喂母乳
馬乳／马乳
鮮乳／鲜乳 (xiānrǔ)

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai	乳
Kyūjitai	乳

Kanji[edit]

乳

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Go-on: にゅう (nyū, Jōyō)
Kan-on: じゅ (ju)^{←じゆ (zyu, historical)}
Kun: ち (chi, 乳, Jōyō); ちち (chichi, 乳, Jōyō)

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
乳
ちち Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) ちち [chìchíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]^[2]
(Tokyo) ちち [chíꜜchì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕi̥t͡ɕi]

Noun[edit]

乳(ちち) • (chichi)

(dated) milk
breast (of a woman, of a female mammal)

Synonyms[edit]

お乳(ちち) (ochichi, “milk”)
おっぱい (oppai, “milk, breast”)
乳(ち)房(ぶさ) (chibusa, “breast”)
胸(むね) (mune, “breast”)

Derived terms[edit]

上(うえ)乳(ちち) (uechichi): the upper part of a woman's breast
お乳(ちち) (ochichi): milk
下(した)乳(ちち) (shitachichi): the underside of a woman's breast
乳(ちち)搾(しぼ)り (chichishibori)

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
乳
ち Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) ち [chíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕi]

Noun[edit]

乳(ち) • (chi)

(archaic) milk
(archaic) breast

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 乳 (MC ȵɨo^X).

Recorded as Middle Korean ᅀᅲ〯 (Yale: zyu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Recorded as Middle Korean 유 (Yale: yu) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

乳

Wikisource

乳 (eumhun 젖 유 (jeot yu))

Hanja form^? of 유 (“breast”).
Hanja form^? of 유 (“milk”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

거유 (巨乳, geoyu)
모유 (母乳, moyu)
분유 (粉乳, bunyu)
빈유 (貧乳, binyu)
수유 (授乳, suyu)
연유 (煉乳, yeonyu)
우유 (牛乳, uyu)
유두 (乳頭, yudu)
유모 (乳母, yumo)
유방 (乳房, yubang)
유아 (乳兒, yua)
두유 (豆乳, duyu)
유당 (乳糖, yudang)
초유 (初乳, choyu)
유제품 (乳製品, yujepum)
유모차 (乳母車, yumocha)
이유식 (離乳食, iyusik)
포유류 (哺乳類, poyuryu)

References[edit]

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

乳: Hán Việt readings: nhũ^[1]^[2]^[3]
乳: Nôm readings: vú^[1]^[3]^[4], nhỏ^[1]^[2], nhủ^[1]^[2], nhũ^[2]^[4], nhả^[2], nhỗ^[3], nhú^[5]

Hán tự form of nhũ (“breast”).
Nôm form of vú (“breast”).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Trần (2004).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
^ Hồ (1976).

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[tdcndg-3] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-4] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-5] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Trần (2004).

[taberd-6] 4.0 ^4.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[btcn-7] Hồ (1976).

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

乳

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

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