乳

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乳 U+4E73, 乳
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E73
← 乲
[U+4E72] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 乴 →
[U+4E74]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

乳 (Kangxi radical 5, 乙+7, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月木山 (BDU), four-corner 22410, composition ⿰孚乚)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 84, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 190
  • Dae Jaweon: page 171, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 55, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4E73

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 乳
alternative forms 奶 Min Dong
𬂌 Min Dong

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 乳
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
乳-oracle.svg 乳-seal.svg 乳-bigseal.svg
Oracle bone script
ACC-j25390.svg

j25390

Small seal script
ACC-s08669.svg

s08669

Transcribed ancient scripts
ACC-L34366.svg

L34366

ACC-L14508.svg

L14508

ACC-L14509.svg

L14509

ACC-L14510.svg

L14510

ACC-L14511.svg

L14511

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (乳) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
啂 *noːʔ
乳 *njoʔ

Pictogram (象形): A woman breastfeeding a child.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəw.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • nĕng/nèng - colloquial;
  • ṳ̄ - literary.
  • Min Nan
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 乳
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 日 (38)
    Final (韻) 虞 (24)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 而主切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ȵɨoX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ȵioX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȵʑioX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ȵuə̆X/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȵioX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȵʑĭuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȵʑi̯uX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		rǔ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jyu5
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 乳
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		rǔ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ nyuX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*noʔ/
    English milk; nipple

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 乳
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 10868
    Phonetic
    component         		乳
    Rime
    group         		侯
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		乳
    Old
    Chinese         		/*njoʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    乳

    1. (literary) to breastfeed; to suckle
    2. breast; nipples
    3. milk; breast milk
      母乳  ―  mǔrǔ  ―  breast milk; mother's milk
      水乳交融  ―  shuǐrǔjiāoróng  ―  to get along well
    4. milk- or cheese-like substance
    5. newborn; young and small
      乳豬／乳猪  ―  rǔzhū  ―  suckling pig
    6. to multiply; to proliferate; to reproduce; to breed

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (to breastfeed):
    edit
    • (breast):
    Dialectal synonyms of 乳房 (“breast”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 乳
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 乳房
    Mandarin Beijing 咂兒, 咂咂兒, 咂兒咂兒, 媽媽, 奶膀子, 奶子
    Taiwan 奶子, 咪咪 slang, 長輩 slang
    Tianjin 個個
    Langfang 咂咂兒
    Tangshan 悶兒
    Cangzhou 媽媽
    Baoding 媽媽
    Shijiazhuang 媽媽
    Daming 媽媽
    Ulanhot 咂兒, 奶頭, 媽媽
    Tongliao 咂兒, 奶頭
    Chifeng 乳房
    Bayanhot 高高, 奶頭
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 咂咂兒
    Harbin 奶子, 奶膀子, 咂兒, 咂咂兒, 媽兒媽兒
    Yantai (Muping) 奶子
    Qingdao 奶子
    Jinan 媽媽, 奶
    Luoyang 奶
    Wanrong 奶
    Zhengzhou 媽
    Xi'an 奶頭, 奶
    Yinchuan 高高
    Lanzhou 苶苶
    Xining 奶頭
    Ürümqi 奶子, 高高
    Wuhan 媽, 媽媽, 奶
    Chengdu 奶奶, 包子 humorous
    Guiyang 咪咪, 奶
    Kunming 奶
    Guilin 奶
    Liuzhou 奶
    Xuzhou 媽媽
    Yangzhou 奶子
    Nanjing 奶兒, 奶子
    Hefei 奶頭
    Chuzhou 媽頭子
    Nantong 奶子
    Yanping 奶奶
    Singapore 乳房
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 奶
    Mae Sai (Tengchong) 奶
    Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 奶膀子
    Cantonese Guangzhou 𢆡
    Hong Kong 𢆡, 胸, 波, 車頭燈
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 媽仔
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 媽仔
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 𢆡姑
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 𢆡姑
    Macau 奶
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 𢆡, 奶
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 𢆡
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 𢆡
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 𢆡
    Foshan 𢆡
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 奶
    Foshan (Shunde) 乳房
    Foshan (Sanshui) 𢆡
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 𢆡
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 𢆡
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 𢆡, 呢仔
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 𢆡, 奄
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 𢆡
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 奶
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 𢆡
    Taishan 𢆡
    Kaiping (Chikan) 𢆡
    Enping (Niujiang) 𢆡
    Heshan (Yayao) 𢆡
    Dongguan 𢆡, 奶
    Shaoguan 奶
    Yunfu 𢆡
    Yangjiang 𢆡
    Xinyi 𢆡
    Nanning 奶
    Wuzhou 奶
    Yulin 𢆡
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 𢆡, 奶
    Singapore (Guangfu) 波
    Gan Nanchang 奶
    Lichuan 奶
    Pingxiang 奶
    Hakka Meixian 奶菇, 奶牯
    Xingning 奶菇, 奶
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 奶
    Huiyang 奶菇
    Huidong (Daling) 奶菇, 奶
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 奶牯
    Boluo (Bendihua) 奶
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 奶牯
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 奶
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 奶菇
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 奶
    Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 奶牯
    Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 奶
    Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 奶牯
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 奶
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 奶房, 奶
    Liannan 奶
    Conghua (Lütian) 奶
    Jiexi 奶菇
    Changting 奶
    Wuping 奶菇
    Wuping (Pingyu) 奶菇
    Ninghua 奶菇
    Yudu 奶
    Ruijin 奶
    Shicheng 奶菇, 奶
    Shangyou (Shexi) 波
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 奶菇
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 奶菇
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 奶菇
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 奶菇
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 奶菇
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 奶
    Hong Kong 奶菇
    Luchuan 奶
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 奶
    Sabah (Longchuan) 奶
    Senai (Huiyang) 奶菇
    Singkawang 奶, 奶菇
    Huizhou Jixi 奶, 奶脯
    Shexian 奶, 媽
    Tunxi 奶
    Jin Taiyuan 奶, 奶奶
    Xinzhou 奶, 奶奶, 奶牛, 奶牛牛
    Taibus (Baochang) 奶
    Linhe 奶頭
    Jining 奶
    Hohhot 牛牛
    Baotou 奶
    Dongsheng 奶
    Haibowan 奶頭
    Zhangjiakou 媽媽
    Handan 妹妹
    Min Bei Jian'ou 奶, 奶脬, 奶座
    Min Dong Fuzhou 奶奶, 奶
    Changle 奶奶
    Fuqing 奶奶
    Yongtai 奶
    Gutian 奶
    Fu'an 奶
    Ningde 奶
    Shouning 奶
    Zhouning 奶
    Fuding 奶
    Min Nan Xiamen 奶, 奶仔
    Quanzhou 奶, 奶仔
    Zhangzhou 奶, 奶仔
    Taipei 奶
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 奶仔
    Kaohsiung 奶
    Yilan 奶
    Changhua (Lukang) 奶
    Taichung 奶
    Taichung (Wuqi) 奶
    Tainan 奶
    Taitung 奶
    Hsinchu 奶
    Kinmen 奶
    Penghu (Magong) 奶
    Penang (Hokkien) 奶
    Singapore (Hokkien) 奶, 奶仔, 奶奶
    Manila (Hokkien) 奶仔
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 奶
    Chaozhou 奶
    Shantou 奶
    Jieyang 奶
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 奶
    Singapore (Teochew) 奶
    Wenchang 奶
    Haikou 奶
    Puxian Min Putian 奶
    Xianyou 奶
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 𢆡
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 奶頭
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 奶
    Wu Shanghai 奶, 奶奶
    Shanghai (Chongming) 奶
    Suzhou 奶奶
    Danyang 奶奶
    Hangzhou 奶奶
    Ningbo 奶奶脯, 奶脯, 奶奶
    Wenzhou 奶奶, 奶
    Jinhua 奶, 奶窠
    Xiang Changsha 奶子, 奶, 奶唧唧 childish, 唧唧 childish
    Xiangtan 奶痣婆
    Loudi 奶婆
    Shuangfeng 奶婆
    Quanzhou 奶婆, 奶
    • (milk):
    edit
    • 乳汁 (rǔzhī)
    • 唧唧 (Xiang, childish)
    • 奶 (nǎi) (literary, or in compounds)
    • 奶唧唧 (Xiang, childish)
    • 奶奶 (Sichuanese, childish in Cantonese, Wu)
    • 奶子 (nǎizi) (dialectal, colloquial)
    • (young and small): 幼小 (yòuxiǎo)
    • (to multiply):
    edit

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai 乳
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    乳󠄁
    乳+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)         		U4e73-kyu.svg
    乳󠄃
    乳+&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    乳

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    乳
    ちち
    Grade: 6
    kun’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    乳(ちち) • (chichi) 

    1. (dated) milk
    2. breast (of a woman, of a female mammal)
    Synonyms[edit]

    Derived terms[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    • → Korean: 찌찌 (jjijji)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    乳
    ち
    Grade: 6
    kun’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    乳(ち) • (chi) 

    1. (archaic) milk
    2. (archaic) breast

    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ “乳”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2022
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 乳 (MC ȵɨoX).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅀᅲᆼ〯 (Yale: zyǔ)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 졋〮 (Yale: cyés) ᅀᅲ〯 (Yale: zyǔ)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    乳 (eumhun 젖 유 (jeot yu))

    1. Hanja form? of 유 (“breast”).
    2. Hanja form? of 유 (“milk”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    乳: Hán Việt readings: nhũ[1][2][3]
    乳: Nôm readings: vú[1][3][4], nhỏ[1][2], nhủ[1][2], nhũ[2][4], nhả[2], nhỗ[3], nhú[5]

    1. chữ Hán form of nhũ (“breast”).
    2. Nôm form of vú (“breast”).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
    5. ^ Hồ (1976).
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=乳&oldid=69968059"