χρώς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Related to χρῶμα (khrôma), of uncertain origin.

According to Beekes, probably cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀒𐀫𐀸𐀁 (a-ko-ro-we-e) (representing either /akʰroweʰe/ [dual noun] “without spots”, or /ha-kʰroweʰe/ “of one color”).^[1] Chantraine suggests that the Mycenaean form points to a root *k(ʰ)row- “throw”.^[2] The traditional connection to χρίω (khríō, “to smear”) is doubted by Beekes.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kʰrɔ̌ːs/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkʰros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈxros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈxros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈxros/

Noun

χρώς • (khrṓs) m (genitive χρωτός or χροός); third declension

Declension

Third declension of ὁ χρώς; τοῦ χρωτός (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ χρώς ho khrṓs	τὼ χρῶτε tṑ khrôte	οἱ χρῶτες hoi khrôtes
Genitive	τοῦ χρωτός toû khrōtós	τοῖν χρωτοῖν toîn khrōtoîn	τῶν χρωτῶν tôn khrōtôn
Dative	τῷ χρωτῐ́ / χρῷ tōî khrōtĭ́ / khrōî	τοῖν χρωτοῖν toîn khrōtoîn	τοῖς χρωσῐ́ / χρωσῐ́ν toîs khrōsĭ́(n)
Accusative	τὸν χρῶτᾰ tòn khrôtă	τὼ χρῶτε tṑ khrôte	τοὺς χρῶτᾰς toùs khrôtăs
Vocative	χρώς khrṓs	χρῶτε khrôte	χρῶτες khrôtes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster -τς (-ts).

Third declension of χρώς; χροός / χρωτός (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	χρώς khrṓs	χρόε / χρῶτε khróe / khrôte	χρόες / χρῶτες khróes / khrôtes
Genitive	χροός / χρωτός khroós / khrōtós	χροοῖῐ̈ν / χρωτοῖῐ̈ν khrooîĭ̈n / khrōtoîĭ̈n	χροῶν / χρωτῶν khroôn / khrōtôn
Dative	χροῐ̈́ / χρωτῐ́ khroĭ̈́ / khrōtĭ́	χροοῖῐ̈ν / χρωτοῖῐ̈ν khrooîĭ̈n / khrōtoîĭ̈n	χροσῐ́ / χροσῐ́ν / χρωσῐ́ / χρωσῐ́ν / χρόεσσῐ / χρόεσσῐν / χρώτεσῐ / χρώτεσῐν / χρώτεσσῐ / χρώτεσσῐν khrosĭ́(n) / khrōsĭ́(n) / khróessĭ(n) / khrṓtesĭ(n) / khrṓtessĭ(n)
Accusative	χρόᾰ / χρῶτᾰ khróă / khrôtă	χρόε / χρῶτε khróe / khrôte	χρόᾰς / χρῶτᾰς khróăs / khrôtăs
Vocative	χρός khrós	χρόε / χρῶτε khróe / khrôte	χρόες / χρῶτες khróes / khrôtes
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Third declension of ὁ χρώς; τοῦ χροός (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ χρώς ho khrṓs	τὼ χρόε tṑ khróe	οἱ χρόες hoi khróes
Genitive	τοῦ χροός toû khroós	τοῖν χροοῖν toîn khrooîn	τῶν χροῶν tôn khroôn
Dative	τῷ χροῐ̈́ / χρῷ tōî khroĭ̈́ / khrōî	τοῖν χροοῖν toîn khrooîn	τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν χροσῐ́ / χροσῐ́ν toîsĭ(n) khrosĭ́(n)
Accusative	τὸν χρόᾰ tòn khróă	τὼ χρόε tṑ khróe	τοὺς χρόᾰς toùs khróăs
Vocative	χρός khrós	χρόε khróe	χρόες khróes
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Related terms

χρώζω, χρῴζω (khrṓzō, khrōízō)
χρῶμα (khrôma)

Descendants

English: schizochroal, abathochroal, holochroal

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “χρόα (> VAR > χρώς)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1650-1
^ Chantraine, Pierre (1968–1980), “χρώς”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Paris: Klincksieck