वन

See also: विना, वन्य, and वन्

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit वन (vana). Doublet of बन (ban).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʋən/, [ʋɐ̃n]

Noun

वन • (van) m (Urdu spelling ون)

1. forest, jungle, woods

   Synonyms: जंगल (jaṅgal), बन (ban)

   यह भयानक वन सैकड़ों किलोमीटर तक फैला था।

   yah bhayānak van saikṛõ kilomīṭar tak phailā thā.

   This dreadful forest stretched for hundreds of kilometers.

Declension

Declension of वन (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	वन van	वन van
oblique	वन van	वनों vanõ
vocative	वन van	वनो vano

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “वन”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Mewari

Noun

वन (van) m

1. forest, jungle
2. desolate wild place

Nepali

Alternative forms

• बन (ban)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वन (vana).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bʌn]
• Phonetic Devanagari: बन्

Noun

वन • (van)

1. forest

   Synonym: जङ्गल (jaṅgal)

2. garden

Declension

Declension of वन
	Singular	Plural
nominative	वन [bʌn]	वनहरू [bʌnɦʌɾu]
accusative	वनलाई [bʌnläi]	वनहरूलाई [bʌnɦʌɾuläi]
instrumental/ergative	वनले [bʌnle]	वनहरूले [bʌnɦʌɾule]
dative	वनलाई [bʌnläi]	वनहरूलाई [bʌnɦʌɾuläi]
ablative	वनबाट [bʌnnoʈʌ]	वनहरूबाट [bʌnɦʌɾubäʈʌ]
genitive	वनको [bʌnko]	वनहरूको [bʌnɦʌɾuko]
locative	वनमा [bʌnmä]	वनहरूमा [bʌnɦʌɾumä]
Notes: -को (-ko) becomes: -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun. -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

Further reading

• Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993), “बन”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• vana (Latin script)
• 𑀯𑀦 (Brahmi script)
• ৰন (Bengali script)
• වන (Sinhalese script)
• ဝန or ဝၼ (Burmese script)
• วน or วะนะ (Thai script)
• ᩅᨶ (Tai Tham script)
• ວນ or ວະນະ (Lao script)
• វន (Khmer script)
• 𑅇𑄚 (Chakma script)

Noun

वन n

1. Devanagari script form of vana

Declension

Declension table of "वन" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	वनं (vanaṃ)	वनानि (vanāni)
Accusative (second)	वनं (vanaṃ)	वनानि (vanāni)
Instrumental (third)	वनेन (vanena)	वनेहि (vanehi) or वनेभि (vanebhi)
Dative (fourth)	वनस्स (vanassa) or वनाय (vanāya) or वनत्थं (vanatthaṃ)	वनानं (vanānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	वनस्मा (vanasmā) or वनम्हा (vanamhā) or वना (vanā)	वनेहि (vanehi) or वनेभि (vanebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	वनस्स (vanassa)	वनानं (vanānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	वनस्मिं (vanasmiṃ) or वनम्हि (vanamhi) or वने (vane)	वनेसु (vanesu)
Vocative (calling)	वन (vana)	वनानि (vanāni)

Verb

वन

1. Devanagari script form of vana, imperative active second-person singular of वनति (vanati, “to desire”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৱন (Assamese script)
• ᬯᬦ (Balinese script)
• বন (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑀦 (Brahmi script)
• ဝန (Burmese script)
• વન (Gujarati script)
• ਵਨ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌵𑌨 (Grantha script)
• ꦮꦤ (Javanese script)
• 𑂫𑂢 (Kaithi script)
• ವನ (Kannada script)
• វន (Khmer script)
• ວນ (Lao script)
• വന (Malayalam script)
• ᠸᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘪𑘡 (Modi script)
• ᠸᠠᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧊𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑐣 (Newa script)
• ଵନ (Odia script)
• ꢮꢥ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑆤 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖡 (Siddham script)
• වන (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩾𑩯 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚦𑚝 (Takri script)
• வந (Tamil script)
• వన (Telugu script)
• วน (Thai script)
• ཝ་ན (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨭𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Thematised from वन् (ván, “tree, wood”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wán- (“tree, wood”); see the former for more. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬥𐬁 f (vanā, “tree”), Pashto ونه (wëna, “tree”), Sogdian wn (“tree”), Middle Persian [script needed] (wan /⁠wn'⁠/, “tree”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋɐ́.nɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʋɐ.n̪ɐ/

Noun

वन • (vána) stem, n

1. (Vedic) a tree

   Synonym: वृक्ष (vṛkṣa)

2. a forest, wood, grove, thicket, quantity of lotuses or other plants growing in a thick cluster
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.60.10:

     तमी॑ळिष्व॒ यो अ॒र्चिषा॒ वना॒ विश्वा॑ परि॒ष्वज॑त्।
     कृ॒ष्णा कृ॒णोति॑ जि॒ह्वया॑॥

     támīḷiṣva yó arcíṣā vánā víśvā pariṣvájat.
     kṛṣṇā́ kṛṇóti jihváyā.

     Glorify that Agni who envelopes all the forests with flame, who blackens them with (his) tongue.

3. a foreign or distant land
4. wood, timber
5. a wooden vessel or barrel (for the soma juice)
6. a cloud (as the vessel in the sky)
7. (prob.) the body of a carriage
8. abode
9. coco-grass (Cyperus rotundus)
10. a ray of light

    Synonym: रश्मि (raśmi)

11. (prob.) longing, earnest desire

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of वन

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	वनम् (vánam)	वने (váne)	वनानि (vánāni) वना¹ (vánā¹)
accusative	वनम् (vánam)	वने (váne)	वनानि (vánāni) वना¹ (vánā¹)
instrumental	वनेन (vánena)	वनाभ्याम् (vánābhyām)	वनैः (vánaiḥ) वनेभिः¹ (vánebhiḥ¹)
dative	वनाय (vánāya)	वनाभ्याम् (vánābhyām)	वनेभ्यः (vánebhyaḥ)
ablative	वनात् (vánāt)	वनाभ्याम् (vánābhyām)	वनेभ्यः (vánebhyaḥ)
genitive	वनस्य (vánasya)	वनयोः (vánayoḥ)	वनानाम् (vánānām)
locative	वने (váne)	वनयोः (vánayoḥ)	वनेषु (váneṣu)
vocative	वन (vána)	वने (váne)	वनानि (vánāni) वना¹ (vánā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Punjabi: ਵਣ (vaṇa)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀡 (vaṇa)
  • Hindi: बन (ban)
• Bengali: বন (bon)
• → Malayalam: വനം (vanaṁ)
• → Tamil: வனம் (vaṉam)
• → Kannada: ವನ (vana)
• → Old Javanese: wana
  • > Javanese: wana (inherited)
  • → Balinese: wana
• → Sundanese: wana
• Sinhalese: වනය (wanaya)
• Sindhi: वणु sg (vaṇu, “tree”)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899), “वन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 917, column 2.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “vána”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press