jedyny
Old Polish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *edìnъ with an unexpected shift of -dzi- -> -dy. Boryś, Sławski, and Bańkowski attribute this to association with jeden. Mańczak attributes this to frequent use, and shows a similar shift of Old Polish niestojcie -> niestety. First attested in 1439.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]jedyny
- only (alone in a category)
- 1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)transliteration, transcription, 22, 2:
- Weszmy syna swego gedzynego (tolle filium tuum unigenitum)
- [Weźmi syna swego jedzinego (tolle filium tuum unigenitum)]
- 15th century, Spowiedź powszechna - Confessio generalis, number 6:
- Szpowyadam szya... bogw w troyczy gyedynemw
- [Spowiadam się ... Bogu w Trojcy jedynemu]
- one and only (most loved)
- lonely
- 1875 [End of the 15th century], Stanisław Motty, editor, Książeczka do nabożeństwa Jadwigi księżniczki polskiej[5], Modlitewnik Nawojki, page 118:
- Ya czyebye proschą, aby thy ze mnye, z vbogyey, grzeschney, yedyney, prawdzywye vczynyl czlowyeka
- [Ja ciebie proszę, aby ty ze mnie z ubogiej, grzesznej, jedynej, prawdziwie uczynił człowieka]
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Polish: jedyny, jedynny (Middle Polish), jedyni (Northern Greater Poland, Mogilno, Barcin), jodyni (Southern Greater Poland, Kobylin, Targoszyce)
- Silesian: jedyny
References
[edit]- Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “jedyny”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “jedyny”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- Mańczak, Witold (2017), “jedyny”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “jedyny”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “jedyny”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- jedynny (Middle Polish)
- jedyni (Northern Greater Poland, Mogilno, Barcin)
- jodyni (Southern Greater Poland, Kobylin, Targoszyce)
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish jedyny. Compare Kashubian jediny.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]jedyny (not comparable, derived adverb jedynie)
- only (alone in a category)
- (colloquial) only (best suited for a task; singularly superior; the best) [with do (+ genitive) ‘for what’]
- (colloquial, proscribed) only, mere (less than expected)
- Synonym: jeden
- (literary, sometimes nominalized) one and only (most loved)
- (Lasovia, Sandomierz, Bilcz, Zawichost, Podhale, Rabka-Zdrój, folk music, in the feminine) synonym of sama
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | virile (= masculine personal) | non-virile | |
| nominative/ |
jedyny | jedyna | jedyne | jedyni | jedyne | |
| genitive | jedynego | jedynej | jedynego | jedynych | ||
| dative | jedynemu | jedynej | jedynemu | jedynym | ||
| accusative | jedynego | jedyny | jedyną | jedyne | jedynych | jedyne |
| instrumental | jedynym | jedyną | jedynym | jedynymi | ||
| locative | jedynym | jedynej | jedynym | jedynych | ||
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Trivia
[edit]According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), jedyny is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 20 times in scientific texts, 16 times in news, 27 times in essays, 21 times in fiction, and 15 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 99 times, making it the 635th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “jedyny”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego[6] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- “jedyny”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN[7] (in Polish)
- Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “jedyny”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “JEDYNY”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 10.12.2008
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “jedyny”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “jedyny”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “jedyny”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 166
- jedyny in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Silesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish jedyny.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]jedyny (not comparable)
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | virile | nonvirile | ||||
| animate | inanimate | |||||||
| nominative | jedyny | jedyne | jedynŏ | jedyni | jedyne | |||
| genitive | jedynego | jedynyj | jedynych | |||||
| dative | jedynymu | jedynyj | jedynym | |||||
| accusative | jedynego | jedyny | jedyne | jedynõ | jedynych | jedyne | ||
| instrumental | jedynym | jedynōm | jedynymi | |||||
| locative | jedynym | jedynyj | jedynych | |||||
| vocative | jedyny | jedyne | jedynŏ | jedyni | jedyne | |||
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ís
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁óynos
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish adjectives
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- zlw-opl:One
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ís
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁óynos
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish 3-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Polish
- Lasovia Polish
- Podhale Polish
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ɘnɘ
- Rhymes:Polish/ɘnɘ/3 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish adjectives
- Polish uncomparable adjectives
- Polish colloquialisms
- Polish proscribed terms
- Polish literary terms
- Polish nominalized adjectives
- Polish hard adjectives
- pl:One
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Silesian terms derived from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁óynos
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ís
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Silesian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/ɪnɪ
- Rhymes:Silesian/ɪnɪ/3 syllables
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian adjectives
- Silesian uncomparable adjectives
- szl:One