熊

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See also: 態
熊 U+718A, 熊
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-718A
← 熉
[U+7189] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 熋 →
[U+718B]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

熊 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈心火 (IPF), four-corner 21331, composition ⿱能灬)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 679, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19294
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1090, character 32
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2227, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+718A

Chinese[edit]

trad. 熊
simp. # 熊
alternative forms 能
𤌶
𤠗
𪏛
𧰯
Wikipedia has an article on:
熊

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 熊
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j22798

Small seal script
File:ACC-s07258.svg

s07258

Transcribed ancient scripts

L30031

File:ACC-L30032.svg

L30032

File:ACC-L30033.svg

L30033

File:ACC-L30034.svg

L30034

File:ACC-L30035.svg

L30035

File:ACC-L30036.svg

L30036

File:ACC-L30037.svg

L30037

File:ACC-L30038.svg

L30038

File:ACC-L30039.svg

L30039

File:ACC-L30040.svg

L30040

File:ACC-L00946.svg

L00946

File:ACC-L00947.svg

L00947

File:ACC-L00948.svg

L00948

File:ACC-L00949.svg

L00949

File:ACC-L00950.svg

L00950

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

According to Shuowen, phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢʷlɯm): semantic 能 (“bear”) + abbreviated phonetic 炎 (OC *ɦlam).

This character originally represented an onomatopoetic word (熊熊 (xióngxióng, “(of flame) raging”)). Later its semantic component 能 (OC *nɯː, *nɯːs, *nɯːŋ, *nɯːŋʔ), the character for the Old Chinese word "bear", was borrowed for another word. This character thus began to represent the word "bear" instead.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-wam. Cognate with Tibetan དོམ (dom, “bear”), Burmese ဝံ (wam) (in ဝက်ဝံ (wak-wam, “bear”)).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • hîm - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • hiông - literary.
Note:
  • hing5 - Chenghai;
  • him5 - other places.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 熊
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕyŋ³⁵/
    Harbin /ɕyŋ²⁴/
    Tianjin /ɕyŋ⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ɕyŋ⁴²/
    Qingdao /ɕiŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ɕyuŋ⁴²/
    Xi'an /ɕyŋ²⁴/
    Xining /ɕyə̃²⁴/
    Yinchuan /ɕyŋ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ɕỹn⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ɕyŋ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /ɕioŋ²¹³/
    Chengdu /ɕyoŋ³¹/
    Guiyang /ɕioŋ²¹/
    Kunming /ɕiŋ³¹/
    Nanjing /ɕioŋ²⁴/
    Hefei /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕyəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /ɕyŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /ɕỹŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦioŋ²³/
    Suzhou /ɦioŋ¹³/
    Hangzhou /ɦioŋ²¹³/
    Wenzhou /joŋ³¹/
    Hui Shexian /ɕyʌ̃⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /ɕin⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /ɕioŋ¹³/
    Xiangtan /ɕin¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕiuŋ⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /iuŋ¹¹/
    Taoyuan /ʒuŋ¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hoŋ²¹/
    Nanning /juŋ²¹/
    Hong Kong /huŋ²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hiɔŋ³⁵/
    /him³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hyŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xœyŋ³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /him⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /hiɔŋ³¹/
    Rime
    Character 熊
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 云 (35)
    Final (韻) 東 (2)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 羽弓切
    Baxter hjuwng
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦɨuŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦiuŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣiuŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦuwŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣiuŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣĭuŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/i̯uŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yóng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jung4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 熊
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xióng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hjuwng ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.[ɢ]ʷ(r)əm/
    English bear (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 熊
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 13906
    Phonetic
    component         		熊
    Rime
    group         		侵
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		雄
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɢʷlɯm/

    Definitions[edit]

    熊

    1. bear (mammal) (Classifier: 頭／头 m; 隻／只 m c mn)
    2. (colloquial) to scold (Can we add an example for this sense?)
    3. (colloquial) timid; cowardly
    4. (gay slang) bear (large, hairy man, especially a homosexual one)
    5. a surname: Xiong (mainland China); Hsiung (Taiwan); Hung (Hong Kong)
      熊十力  ―  Xióng Shílì  ―  Xiong Shili (20th-century Chinese philosopher)

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (bear):
    Dialectal synonyms of 熊 (“bear”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 熊
    Mandarin Beijing 狗熊, 熊瞎子
    Taiwan 熊
    Tianjin 狗熊
    Chengde 狗熊, 熊, 熊瞎子
    Cangzhou 狗熊
    Baoding 狗熊, 熊
    Shijiazhuang 狗熊, 熊, 黑瞎得
    Chifeng 狗熊, 熊瞎子
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 狗熊, 熊瞎子, 黑熊
    Heihe 狗熊, 熊, 熊瞎子, 黑瞎子
    Qiqihar 狗熊, 熊, 熊瞎子, 黑瞎子
    Harbin 熊瞎子, 黑瞎子, 黑熊
    Jiamusi 狗熊, 熊, 熊瞎子, 黑瞎子
    Baicheng 狗熊, 熊, 熊瞎子, 狗駝子
    Changchun 狗熊, 熊瞎子
    Tonghua 熊瞎子
    Shenyang 狗熊, 熊, 熊瞎子
    Dandong 狗熊, 熊, 熊瞎子, 黑瞎子
    Jinzhou 狗熊, 熊, 熊瞎子
    Dalian 黑傻子
    Yantai 黑瞎子
    Qingdao 黑瞎子
    Lijin 狗熊
    Zhucheng 狗熊兒, 大老黑
    Jinan 狗熊, 熊, 黑瞎子
    Jining 狗熊, 黑瞎子
    Shangqiu 狗熊, 熊
    Yuanyang 狗熊, 熊
    Zhengzhou 狗熊, 狗黑兒
    Lingbao 狗熊
    Xinyang 熊
    Ankang 熊
    Baihe 熊
    Hanzhong 熊
    Xi'an 人熊, 熊, 狗熊
    Baoji 狗熊, 熊
    Yinchuan 狗熊, 熊
    Tianshui 熊
    Lanzhou 狗熊, 熊
    Dunhuang 熊
    Xining 狗熊, 熊
    Hami 熊
    Ürümqi 狗熊
    Wuhan 狗熊, 熊
    Yichang 狗熊, 熊
    Xiangyang 熊
    Tianmen 狗熊, 熊
    Hong'an 熊
    Chengdu 狗熊, 熊
    Nanchong 熊
    Dazhou 人熊, 狗熊
    Hanyuan 老熊
    Xichang 狗熊, 熊
    Zigong 狗熊, 熊
    Chongqing 熊, 熊嘎婆
    Guiyang 狗熊
    Zunyi 狗熊
    Bijie 狗熊
    Liping 狗熊
    Zhaotong 狗熊
    Dali 狗熊
    Kunming 人熊, 熊, 狗熊
    Mengzi 老熊
    Guilin 熊
    Liuzhou 人熊, 熊, 狗熊
    Jishou 熊
    Changde 熊
    Anqing 狗熊, 熊
    Xuzhou 熊, 狗黑子
    Fuyang 熊, 狗黑子
    Wuhu 狗熊, 熊
    Yangzhou 狗熊, 熊
    Lianyungang 狗熊, 熊
    Lianshui 狗熊, 熊
    Nanjing 狗熊, 熊
    Hefei 狗熊, 熊
    Nantong 熊
    Singapore 熊
    Cantonese Guangzhou 熊, 熊人
    Hong Kong 熊人, 熊
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 熊
    Macau 熊
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 熊
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 熊
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 熊
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 熊
    Foshan 熊
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 熊
    Foshan (Shunde) 熊
    Foshan (Sanshui) 熊人
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 熊
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 熊
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 熊
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 熊
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 熊
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 熊
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 熊
    Taishan 熊
    Kaiping (Chikan) 熊
    Enping (Niujiang) 熊
    Heshan (Yayao) 熊
    Dongguan 熊
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 熊
    Hakka Meixian 熊家
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 熊
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 熊
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 熊
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 熊人
    Conghua (Lütian) 熊
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 熊
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 熊
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 熊
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 熊
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 熊
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 熊
    Huizhou Shexian 狗熊, 熊
    Jin Taiyuan 狗熊, 熊
    Yangyuan 人熊, 熊, 狗熊
    Datong 狗熊
    Xinzhou 狗熊, 熊
    Lishi 狗熊, 熊
    Linfen 狗熊
    Changzhi 人熊, 熊, 狗熊
    Linhe 狗熊
    Jining 熊
    Hohhot 狗熊, 熊
    Erenhot 人熊, 熊, 狗熊
    Pingshan 狗熊
    Zhangjiakou 狗熊, 人熊
    Handan 狗熊, 熊
    Linzhou 熊
    Suide 熊
    Min Nan Taipei (Wanhua) 熊
    Kaohsiung 熊
    Yilan 熊
    Changhua (Lukang) 熊
    Taichung 熊
    Taichung (Wuqi) 熊
    Tainan 熊
    Taitung 熊
    Hsinchu 熊
    Penghu (Magong) 熊
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 熊
    • (to scold):
    • (timid):

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    熊

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. bear

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology[edit]

    熊 (kuma): a brown bear.
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    Kanji in this term
    熊
    くま
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese. First cited in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

    Further derivation is uncertain. Possibilities include:

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    熊(くま) • (kuma) 

    1. [from 712] a bear (large mammal of family Ursidae)
    2. [from 1701] (slang) hairiness in general; (more specifically) a bear, an otter (a hairy man, especially one who is gay)
    3. [???] (theater) standing room only audience members in the pit (from the way the standing section would often have a metal railing or fence separating it, resembling a bear cage)

    Usage notes[edit]

    As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as クマ.

    Derived terms[edit]

    Derived terms

    Prefix[edit]

    熊(くま) • (kuma) 

    1. [from 712] prefixed to other nouns for animals or plants to indicate large size or great strength, relative to other varieties

    Derived terms[edit]

    Derived terms

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. ^ Entry at Nihon Jiten (in Japanese)
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 熊 (MC hjuwng).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅘᅮᇰ (Yale: hhwùng)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 곰〯 (Yale: kwǒm) 우ᇰ (Yale: wùng)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    熊 (eumhun 곰 웅 (gom ung))

    1. Hanja form? of 웅 (“bear”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Okinawan[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    熊

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. bear

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    熊
    くま
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    Cognate with Japanese 熊 (kuma, “bear”) and Korean 곰 (gom).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    熊(くま) (kuma) 

    1. bear

    References[edit]

    • “くま【熊】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    熊: Hán Nôm readings: hùng

    1. bear
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=熊&oldid=73921450"