士大夫

Chinese

		scholar; warrior; knight	doctor
simp. and trad. (士大夫)		士	大夫

Etymology

The "program team" sense is a phono-semantic matching of Japanese スタッフ, from English staff.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shìdàfū

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄈㄨ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): si⁶ daai⁶ fu¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shìdàfū
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄈㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shìhdàfu
    • Wade–Giles: shih⁴-ta⁴-fu¹
    • Yale: shr̀-dà-fū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyhdahfu
    • Palladius: шидафу (šidafu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: si⁶ daai⁶ fu¹
    • Yale: sih daaih fū
    • Cantonese Pinyin: si⁶ daai⁶ fu¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: xi⁶ dai⁶ fu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː²² taːi̯²² fuː⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: dzriX dajH|daH pju

Rime
Character	士	大	大	夫
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)	定 (7)	定 (7)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	泰 (25)	歌 (94)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I	I	III
Fanqie	鉏里切	徒蓋切	唐佐切	甫無切
Baxter	dzriX	dajH	daH	pju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒɨX/	/dɑiH/	/dɑH/	/pɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐɨX/	/dɑiH/	/dɑH/	/pio/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒieX/	/dɑiH/	/dɑH/	/pio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐɨX/	/dajH/	/daH/	/puə̆/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒiəX/	/dɑiH/	/dɑH/	/pio/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒĭəX/	/dɑiH/	/dɑH/	/pĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱiX/	/dʱɑiH/	/dʱɑH/	/pi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì	dài	duò	fū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi6	daai6	do6	fu1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m-s-]rəʔ  lˤat-s|lˤa[t]-s  p(r)a/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zrɯʔ  daːds  pa/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	士	大	大	夫
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shì	dà	dà	fū
Middle Chinese	‹ dzriX ›	‹ daH ›	‹ dajH ›	‹ pju ›
Old Chinese	/*[m-s-]rəʔ/	/*lˁat-s/ (MC F!)	/*lˁa[t]-s/	/*p(r)a/
English	officer; gentleman	big	big	man
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	士	大	大	夫
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2	1/2
No.	11511	1934	1939	3274
Phonetic component	士	大	大	夫
Rime group	之	祭	祭	魚
Rime subdivision	0	1	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	士	䭾	大	跗
Old Chinese	/*zrɯʔ/	/*daːds/	/*daːds/	/*pa/

Noun

士大夫

1. (archaic, historical, Han to Qing dynasties) scholar-official; literati
2. (Mainland China, television, fandom slang) production team (of a Japanese TV show)