西瓜
Chinese
[edit]west | melon; claw; gourd melon; claw; gourd; squash | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (西瓜) | 西 | 瓜 | |
simp. #(西瓜) | 西 | 瓜 | |
Literally: “western melon”. |
Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xi1 gua1
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): sìguà
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щигуа (xigua, I-II)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sai1 gwaa1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhai1 ga1
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sai1 gwaa1
- Gan (Wiktionary): 'xi1 gua1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): xi1 gua1
- Northern Min (KCR): sí-guá
- Eastern Min (BUC): să̤-guă
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1shi-ko
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): si1 gua1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ ㄍㄨㄚ → ㄒㄧ ˙ㄍㄨㄚ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: siguå
- Wade–Giles: hsi1-kua5
- Yale: syī-gwa
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi.gua
- Palladius: сигуа (sigua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi⁵⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/ → /ɕi⁵⁵ g̊u̯ä²/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: xi1 gua1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xigua
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi⁵⁵ kua⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: sìguà [Phonetic: sīguà]
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): si1 gua1 [Phonetic: si4 gua1]
- Sinological IPA (key): /si³¹⁻³³ kua³¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щигуа (xigua, I-II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi²⁴ kua⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: sai1 gwaa1
- Yale: sāi gwā
- Cantonese Pinyin: sai1 gwaa1
- Guangdong Romanization: sei1 gua1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐi̯⁵⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhai1 ga1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬai³³ ka³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: 'xi1 gua1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˈɕi⁴² kua⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sî-kôa
- Hakka Romanization System: xiˊ guaˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xi1 gua1
- Sinological IPA: /si²⁴⁻¹¹ ku̯a²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: xi1 gua1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕi¹¹ kua¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sí-guá
- Sinological IPA (key): /si⁵⁴ kua⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: să̤-guă
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛ⁵⁵ (k-)ua⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Yilan, Lukang, Singapore, Philippines)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Sanxia, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se-koe
- Tâi-lô: se-kue
- Phofsit Daibuun: se'koef
- IPA (Xiamen): /se⁴⁴⁻²² kue⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /se³³ kue³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si-koa
- Tâi-lô: si-kua
- Phofsit Daibuun: si'koaf
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /si⁴⁴⁻²² kua⁴⁴/
- IPA (Penang): /si³³⁻²¹ kua³³/
- (Hokkien: rare in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sai-koe
- Tâi-lô: sai-kue
- Phofsit Daibuun: sai'koef
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sai⁴⁴⁻³³ kue⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: si1 guê1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: si kue
- Sinological IPA (key): /si³³⁻²³ kue³³/
- Wu
- Xiang
Noun
[edit]西瓜
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Water_melon_2015.jpg/220px-Water_melon_2015.jpg)
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Others:
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
西 | 瓜 |
すい Grade: 2 |
か Jinmeiyō |
tōon | kan'on |
Alternative spelling |
---|
水瓜 |
Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 西瓜 (MC sej kwae, literally “west melon”). Compare modern Mandarin 西瓜 (xīguā, “watermelon”). Sui is the 唐音 (tōon) of 西.[1][2][3][4] There is an alternative spelling of 水瓜,[1][3][2][4][5] which may be seen as both ateji and a calque of English watermelon.
Various Japanese references indicate that the fruit was imported from China in the early Edo period in the 1600s.[1][3][2] However, the word is first attested in Japanese in a text from the 1360s, suggesting that the fruit was originally imported earlier, but did not become more widely known until the 1600s.[4]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]西瓜 or 西瓜 • (suika) ←すいくわ (suikwa)?
Usage notes
[edit]As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as スイカ.
Derived terms
[edit]- 西瓜糖 (suikatō, “watermelon sugar, sugar made by concentrating watermelon juice”)
- 西瓜割り (suikawari, “a traditional Japanese game that involves splitting a watermelon with a stick whilst blindfolded”)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 “西瓜”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 “西瓜・水瓜”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
西 | 瓜 |
Noun
[edit]Okinawan
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
西 | 瓜 |
しー Grade: 2 |
くゎ Jinmeiyō |
on'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]西瓜 or 西瓜 (shīkwa)
- watermelon
- Synonym: 広東瓜 (kwantuui)
References
[edit]- “シークヮ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
- Mandarin terms with audio links
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- Elementary Mandarin
- zh:Fruits
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- ko:Fruits
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