泉

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泉 U+6CC9, 泉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CC9
← 泈
[U+6CC8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 泊 →
[U+6CCA]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Stroke order
9 strokes

泉 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹日水 (HAE), four-corner 26232, composition ⿱白水)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 615, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17274
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1009, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1576, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+6CC9

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 泉
alternative forms 𤽄
湶

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 泉
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (泉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
線 *sqʰeːns
泉 *sɡʷen
葲 *sɡʷen
灥 *kʰʷjen, *sɢʷin

Pictogram (象形) or ideogrammic compound (會意): 白 (“spring mouth”) + 水 (“water”) – water flowing from the source of a spring.

Etymology[edit]

Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs the Old Chinese as *dzwan and also reconstructs Proto-Tibeto-Burman *tso (“to bubble; to boil”) (> Tibetan འཚོད་པ ('tshod pa, “to be boiled”), Tibetan བཙོས (btsos, “to cook in boiling water”), Burmese ဆူ (hcu, “to boil; to bubble”)), and considers 泉 (OC *sɡʷen, “spring (of water)”) to be cognate to it (with an n-suffix nominalization). However, STEDT considers the above three Tibeto-Burman terms to be descended from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *tsjow (“to boil; to burn; to bake; to bake”), to which 焦 (OC *ʔsew, “to roast; to burn; to scorch”) is cognate.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • chôaⁿ - vernacular;
  • choân - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 泉
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 從 (15)
    Final (韻) 仙 (78)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 疾緣切
    Baxter dzjwen
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡ziuᴇn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/d͡zʷiɛn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡zjuæn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/d͡zwian/
    Li
    Rong         		/d͡ziuɛn/
    Wang
    Li         		/d͡zĭwɛn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/d͡zʱi̯wɛn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		quán
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		cyun4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 泉
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		quán
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dzjwen ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*s-N-ɢʷar/ (MC I!)
    English spring, source

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 泉
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 10728
    Phonetic
    component         		泉
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		全
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sɡʷen/

    Definitions[edit]

    泉

    1. springwater (Classifier: 口 m; 眼 m)
      溫泉／温泉  ―  wēnquán  ―  hot spring
      甘泉  ―  gānquán  ―  sweet springwater
    2. mouth of a spring
    3. mythical abode of the dead
      黃泉／黄泉  ―  huángquán  ―  netherworld
    4. (historical) an ancient type of coin
    5. Short for 泉州 (Quánzhōu, “Quanzhou”).

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (springwater):
    • 水泉 (shuǐquán) (literary or Min Nan)
    • 泉水 (quánshuǐ)
    • (mouth of a spring):

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    泉

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. spring (source of water)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    泉
    いずみ
    Grade: 6
    kun’yomi

    /idumi/ → /id͡zumi/ → (for most modern Japanese dialects; see also Yotsugana) /izumi/

    From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

    Compound of 出づ (ancient reading idu, modern izu, “to come out”) +‎ 水 (mi, “water”).[1][2][3][4]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    泉(いずみ) • (izumi) ←いづみ (idumi)?

    1. natural spring, a wellspring
      Synonyms: 湧泉, 涌泉 (yūsen)
      若(わか)返(がえ)りの泉(いずみ)
      Wakagaeri no Izumi
      The Fountain of Youth
      • 1999 August 26, “泉(いずみ)の妖(よう)精(せい)”, in BOOSTER 4, Konami:
        泉(いずみ)を守(まも)る妖(よう)精(せい)。泉(いずみ)を汚(けが)す者(もの)を容(よう)赦(しゃ)なく攻(こう)撃(げき)。
        Izumi o mamoru yōsei. Izumi o kegasu mono o yōsha naku kōgeki.
        A fairy who mercilessly assaults anyone who dares contaminate the fountain she’s sworn protects.

    Proper noun[edit]

    泉(いずみ) • (Izumi) ←いづみ (idumi)?

    1. a place name
    2. a surname
    3. a female given name

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    5. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 泉 (MC dzjwen).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄍᆑᆫ (Yale: ccyyèn)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] ᄉᆡᆷ〯 (Yale: sǒym) 쳔 (Yale: chyèn)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    泉 (eumhun 샘 천 (saem cheon))

    1. Hanja form? of 천 (“spring”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    泉: Hán Nôm readings: tuyền

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