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抑

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 印
抑 U+6291, 抑
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6291
← 抐
[U+6290] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 抒 →
[U+6292]

Translingual

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Han character

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抑 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+4, 7 strokes, Cangjie input 手竹女中 (QHVL), four-corner 57020, composition ⿰扌卬)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 421, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11883
  • Dae Jaweon: page 768, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1841, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6291

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 抑
alternative forms 印
𢬃
𢫽
𠨔
𢮮

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 抑
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形): A hand suppressing a kneeling person. For contrast, see 印 (yìn).

Pronunciation

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Note: ya/rha˖ - “or”.
Note:
  • iak/ek - literary;
  • iah/ah/ia̍h/á - vernacular;
  • a̍h - vernacular (“then”).
Rime
Character 抑
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 職 (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於力切
Baxter 'ik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔik̚/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiək̚/
Wang
Li 		/ĭək̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jik1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 抑 抑
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yì yì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔik › ‹ ʔik ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ʔ](r)ik/ /*[ʔ](r)ik/
English and, but, or rub, repress

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 抑
Reading # 1/1
No. 15013
Phonetic
component 		抑
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		憶
Old
Chinese 		/*qɯɡ/
Notes 説文從反印

Definitions

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抑

  1. to press down; to keep down
  2. to repress; to suppress; to restrain; to restrict
  3. to hinder; to hamper; to obstruct
  4. to lower (one's head); to look down
  5. deep; low-pitched
  6. sulky; depressed
  7. (Eastern Min) muggy; sultry; humid
  8. or (linking alternatives)
  9. furthermore; moreover; also
  10. however; but
  11. (literary or Xiamen Hokkien) then; and (used to connect two clauses or adjectives)
  12. Meaningless sentence-initial particle.
  13. a surname

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 還是 (“or”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 抑, 或
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 抑或, 還是
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 還是
Singapore 還是
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 還是
Cantonese Guangzhou 定係, 定
Hong Kong 定係, 定, 抑或, 抑或係, 定抑或, 定抑或係, 還是, 定還是, 定還是係
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 時
Taishan 毋, 毋又, 抑或
Dongguan 定係, 定
Singapore (Guangfu) 定, 定係
Gan Nanchang 還是
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 還係, 也係
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 還係, 也係
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 還係, 也係
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 還係, 也係
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 還係, 也係
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 抑係
Huizhou Jixi 還是
Eastern Min Fuzhou 故是
Southern Min Xiamen 抑是, 抑
Quanzhou 抑是, 抑
Zhangzhou 抑是, 抑
Taipei 抑是
Penang (Hokkien) 抑是
Singapore (Hokkien) 抑是
Manila (Hokkien) 抑是
Chaozhou 抑是
Singapore (Teochew) 抑是
Wu Shanghai 還是
Shanghai (Yangpu) 還是
Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang) 還是
Shanghai (Songjiang) 還是
Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong) 還是
Shanghai (Huinan, Pudong) 還是
Shanghai (Fengxian) 還是
Shanghai (Jinshan) 還是
Shanghai (Qingpu) 還是
Shanghai (Jiading) 還是
Shanghai (Yuepu, Baoshan) 還是
Xiang Loudi 還是
  • (and): 而 (ér)

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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抑

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. suppress

Readings

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  • Go-on: おく (oku)
  • Kan-on: よく (yoku, Jōyō)
  • Kun: おさえる (osaeru, 抑える, Jōyō)、そもそも (somosomo, 抑)

Definitions

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Kanji in this term
抑
そもそも
Grade: S
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 抑 – see the following entry.
【そもそも】
[conjunction] in the first place, to begin with, (in a question) at all
Alternative spellings
抑々, 抑も
(This term, 抑, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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Korean

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Hanja

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抑 • (eok) (hangeul 억, revised eok, McCune–Reischauer ŏk, Yale ek)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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抑: Hán Nôm readings: ức, ực

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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