Jump to content

閏

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 闰 and 閠
閏 U+958F, 閏
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-958F
← 閎
[U+958E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 閐 →
[U+9590]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

閏 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓一土 (ANMG), four-corner 77104, composition ⿵門王)

  1. intercalary
  2. extra, surplus

Derived characters

[edit]
Additional Derived Characters
[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1331, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41244
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1837, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4285, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+958F

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 閏
simp. 闰
alternative forms 閠
䦞
𥹿

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 閏
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (閏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
撋 *njon
瞤 *njun
潤 *njuns
閏 *njuns

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 門 (“gate”) + 王 (“king”). The original meaning “intercalary” is derived from kings' ancient practice of remaining within the palace gates on a leap day (which was in excess of the lunar calendar's 364 days, whence the meanings “remainder” and “surplus”), not engaging in their usual governing functions.

Etymology

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 閏
Mandarin Beijing /ʐuən⁵¹/
Harbin /ʐən⁵³/
Tianjin /yn⁵³/
/ʐuən⁵³/
Jinan /yẽ²¹/
Qingdao /yə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /yn³¹²/
Xi'an /vẽ⁴⁴/
Xining /uə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʐuŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /və̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /ʐuŋ²¹³/
/vɤŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /yn³⁵/
Chengdu /zuən¹³/
Guiyang /zuen²¹³/
Kunming /ʐuə̃²¹²/
Nanjing /ʐun⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʐən⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /zuəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /zuŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /ʐũŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiŋ²³/
/zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /ɦyən³¹/
Hangzhou /zz̩ʷen¹³/
Wenzhou /joŋ²²/
Hui Shexian /yʌ̃²²/
Tunxi /yan¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /yn¹¹/
Xiangtan /yn²¹/
Gan Nanchang /lɨn²¹/
Hakka Meixian /iun⁵³/
Taoyuan /ʒuŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jøn²²/
Nanning /yn²²/
/jɐn²²/
Hong Kong /jøn²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lun²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /nouŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /nœyŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /zuŋ³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zun²³/
Rime
Character 閏
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 諄 (47)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 如順切
Baxter nywinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵiuɪnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵʷinH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑjuenH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵwinH/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiuĕnH/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭuĕnH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯uĕnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		rùn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jeon6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 閏
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		rùn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nywinH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nu[n]-s/
English intercalary month

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 閏
Reading # 1/1
No. 10927
Phonetic
component 		閏
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		閠
Old
Chinese 		/*njuns/

Definitions

[edit]

閏

  1. intercalary; leap
    閏年／闰年  ―  rùnnián  ―  leap year
  2. (literary) surplus; remainder
  3. (literary) deputy; illegitimate; usurped

Compounds

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
閏

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. intercalary
  2. heresy

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: にん (nin)
  • Kan-on: じゅん (jun)
  • Kun: うるう (urū, 閏)←うるふ (urufu, 閏, historical)

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]
Kanji in this term
閏
うるう
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Related to 潤(うるお)う (uruō), 潤(うるお)す (uruosu), and 潤(うるお)い (uruoi).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

閏(うるう) • (urū) ←うるふ (urufu)?

  1. intercalary, leap
    閏(うるう)日(び)
    urūbi
    intercalary day
    閏(うるう)年(どし)
    urūdoshi
    leap year
    閏(うるう)八月(はちがつ)
    urūhachigatsu
    intercalary eighth month in the lunisolar calendar

References

[edit]

Korean

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 閏 (MC *nywinH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ju(ː)n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [윤(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

閏 (eumhun 윤달 윤 (yundal yun))

  1. hanja form? of 윤 (“intercalary”)

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

閏: Hán Nôm readings: nhuận, nhộn, nhuần, nhún

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=閏&oldid=88127679"