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閏

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 闰 and 閠
閏 U+958F, 閏
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-958F
← 閎
[U+958E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 閐 →
[U+9590]

Translingual

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Han character

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閏 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, Cangjie input 日弓一土 (ANMG), four-corner 77104, composition ⿵門王)

  1. intercalary
  2. extra, surplus

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters
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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1331, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41244
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1837, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4285, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+958F

Chinese

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trad. 閏
simp. 闰
alternative forms 閠
䦞
𥹿
𽁪 seal script

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 閏
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (閏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
撋 *njon
瞤 *njun
潤 *njuns
閏 *njuns

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 門 (“gate”) + 王 (“king”). The original meaning “intercalary” is derived from kings' ancient practice of remaining within the palace gates on a leap day (which was in excess of the lunar calendar's 364 days, whence the meanings “remainder” and “surplus”), not engaging in their usual governing functions.

Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Changting:
    • veng5 - vernacular;
    • yeng5 - literary.
Note:
  • 6gnin/2gnin/6gnieon/6yun/2yun/5iun/5in/6yon - vernacular;
  • 6zen/2zen/6zhiun/6zuen - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 閏
    Mandarin Beijing /ʐuən⁵¹/
    Harbin /ʐən⁵³/
    Tianjin /yn⁵³/
    /ʐuən⁵³/
    Jinan /yẽ²¹/
    Qingdao /yə̃⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /yn³¹²/
    Xi'an /vẽ⁴⁴/
    Xining /uə̃²¹³/
    Yinchuan /ʐuŋ¹³/
    Lanzhou /və̃n¹³/
    Ürümqi /ʐuŋ²¹³/
    /vɤŋ²¹³/
    Wuhan /yn³⁵/
    Chengdu /zuən¹³/
    Guiyang /zuen²¹³/
    Kunming /ʐuə̃²¹²/
    Nanjing /ʐun⁴⁴/
    Hefei /ʐən⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /zuəŋ⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /zuŋ³⁵/
    Hohhot /ʐũŋ⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ȵiŋ²³/
    /zəŋ²³/
    Suzhou /ɦyən³¹/
    Hangzhou /zz̩ʷen¹³/
    Wenzhou /joŋ²²/
    Hui Shexian /yʌ̃²²/
    Tunxi /yan¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /yn¹¹/
    Xiangtan /yn²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /lɨn²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /iun⁵³/
    Taoyuan /ʒuŋ⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jøn²²/
    Nanning /yn²²/
    /jɐn²²/
    Hong Kong /jøn²²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lun²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /nouŋ²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /nœyŋ⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /zuŋ³¹/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /zun²³/
    Rime
    Character 閏
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 日 (38)
    Final (韻) 諄 (47)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 如順切
    Baxter nywinH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ȵiuɪnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ȵʷinH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȵʑjuenH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ȵwinH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȵiuĕnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȵʑĭuĕnH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ȵʑi̯uĕnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		rùn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jeon6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 閏
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		rùn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ nywinH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*nu[n]-s/
    English intercalary month

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 閏
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 10927
    Phonetic
    component         		閏
    Rime
    group         		文
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		閠
    Old
    Chinese         		/*njuns/

    Definitions

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    閏

    1. bissextile, intercalary, leap
      閏年／闰年  ―  rùnnián  ―  leap year
    2. (literary) surplus, remainder
    3. (literary) deputy, illegitimate, usurped

    Compounds

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    References

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    • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “闰”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 241.
    • 周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “闰”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 694.

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    閏

    (Jinmeiyō kanji)

    1. bissextile, intercalary
    2. heresy

    Readings

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    • Go-on: にん (nin)
    • Kan-on: じゅん (jun)
    • Kun: うるう (urū, 閏)←うるふ (urufu, うるふ, historical)

    Compounds

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    Etymology

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    Kanji in this term
    閏
    うるう
    Jinmeiyō
    kun'yomi

    Related to 潤(うるお)う (uruō), 潤(うるお)す (uruosu), and 潤(うるお)い (uruoi).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    閏(うるう) • (urū) ←うるふ (urufu)?

    1. bissextile. intercalary, leap
      閏(うるう)日(び)
      urūbi
      intercalary day
      閏(うるう)年(どし)
      urūdoshi
      leap year
      閏(うるう)八月(はちがつ)
      urūhachigatsu
      intercalary eighth month in the lunisolar calendar

    Derived terms

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    References

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    Korean

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese 閏 (MC *nywinH).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation

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    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ju(ː)n]
    • Phonetic hangul: [윤(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    閏 (eumhun 윤달 윤 (yundal yun))

    1. hanja form? of 윤 (“intercalary”)

    Compounds

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    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    閏: Hán Nôm readings: nhuận, nhộn, nhuần, nhún

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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