家族

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Chinese

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home; family; ‑ist
home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools
 
race; nationality; ethnicity
race; nationality; ethnicity; clan
 
trad. (家族)
simp. #(家族)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (28) (15)
Final () (98) (3)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () II I
Fanqie
Baxter kae dzuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠa/ /d͡zuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚa/ /d͡zuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ka/ /d͡zuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kaɨ/ /d͡zəwk̚/
Li
Rong
/ka/ /d͡zuk̚/
Wang
Li
/ka/ /d͡zuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ka/ /d͡zʱuk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiā
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gaa1 zuk6

Noun

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家族

  1. family; household; clan
    家族世襲家族世袭  ―  jiāzú shìxí  ―  hereditary succession

Synonyms

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edit

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (家族):
  • Japanese: ()(ぞく) (kazoku)
  • Korean: 가족(家族) (gajok)
  • Vietnamese: gia tộc (家族)

Japanese

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
ぞく
Grade: 3
kan'on goon

Etymology

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Ultimately from Middle Chinese 家族 (MC kae dzuwk). However, not attested until 1808,[1] so possibly a borrowing from modern written Chinese 家族 (jiāzú) with the expected Japanese reading applied.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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()(ぞく) (kazoku

  1. a family, a household
    • 2015 July 27, Åsa Ekström, “第1話 (Daiichiwa) ようこそ、ここへ (Yōkoso, Koko E) [Chapter 1: Welcome Here]”, in さよならセプテンバー (Sayonara Seputenbā) [Goodbye September], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Creek & River:
      ぼくらは(しあわ)せな()(ぞく)になるよぜったい!
      Bokura wa shiawase na kazoku ni naru yo zettai!
      We’ll definitely make a happy family!

Usage notes

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家族 refers to one’s own family, particularly immediate family – parents, children, and siblings. To refer to another’s family, one uses the honorific form ご家族 (go-kazoku, another’s family, honorific). To refer to one’s relatives generally, one uses 親戚 (shinseki, relative), which includes even distant relatives. For first cousins – i.e. aunts, uncles, and close cousins – one may use 近親 (kinshin, close relative). For close people, not necessarily family, one may use 身内 (miuchi, close family, close friends).

Synonyms

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References

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  1. ^ 家族”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  • Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

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Hanja in this term

Noun

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家族 (gajok) (hangeul 가족)

  1. hanja form? of 가족 (family, household)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Noun

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家族

  1. chữ Hán form of gia tộc (family).