渾

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See also: 浑
渾 U+6E3E, 渾
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E3E
← 渽
[U+6E3D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 渿 →
[U+6E3F]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

渾 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水月十十 (EBJJ), four-corner 37156, composition ⿰氵軍)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 635, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17800
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1043, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1687, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+6E3E

Chinese[edit]

trad. 渾
simp. 浑

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 渾
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (軍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
揮 *qʰul
輝 *qʰul
翬 *qʰul
暉 *qʰul
煇 *qʰul, *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ
楎 *qʰul, *ɡuːn
瀈 *qʰul
韗 *qʰons, *ɢuns
褌 *kuːn
鶤 *kuːn, *ɢuns
緷 *kuːnʔ, *ɡuːnʔ, *ɢuns
睴 *kuːns, *ɡuːnʔ
璭 *kuːns
瘒 *ŋɡuːn
顐 *ŋɡuːn, *ŋɡuːns, *ɡuːn
諢 *ŋɡuːns
餫 *ɡuːn, *ɢuns
渾 *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ
琿 *ɡuːn
鼲 *ɡuːn
堚 *ɡuːn
鯶 *ɡuːnʔ
軍 *kun
皸 *kun, *kuns
齳 *ŋɡunʔ
喗 *ŋɡunʔ
葷 *qʰun
惲 *qunʔ
賱 *qunʔ
運 *ɢuns
暈 *ɢuns
鄆 *ɢuns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ): semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • hung1 - totally;
  • hung6 - other senses.
Rime
Character 渾
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 戸昆切
Baxter hwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦuən/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦuon/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦwən/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuən/
Wang
Li 		/ɣuən/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣuən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hún
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 渾
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hún
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hwon ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ˁ[u]r/
English chaotic

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 渾
Reading # 1/2
No. 7321
Phonetic
component 		軍
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		䰟
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡuːn/

Definitions[edit]

渾

  1. (obsolete) sound of spouting water
  2. muddy; turbid
  3. foolish; stupid
  4. simple and natural; unsophisticated
    渾樸／浑朴  ―  húnpǔ  ―  simple and natural
  5. whole; complete
    渾身不舒服／浑身不舒服  ―  húnshēn bùshūfú  ―  the whole body feels uncomfortable
  6. (literary) totally
  7. (literary) still
  8. name of several rivers
  9. Short for 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún).
  10. a surname
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 渾 (“muddy; turbid”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 渾濁, 混濁
Mandarin Beijing 渾
Jinan 渾
Xi'an 溷
Wuhan 渾
Chengdu 渾
Yangzhou 渾
Hefei 渾
Cantonese Guangzhou 濁
Hong Kong 濁
Yangjiang 濁
Gan Nanchang 渾
Hakka Meixian 渾
Jin Taiyuan 溷
Min Bei Jian'ou 渾, 濁
Min Dong Fuzhou 渾
Min Nan Xiamen 醪, 醪濁
Zhangzhou 醪
Chaozhou 醪
Wu Suzhou 渾
Wenzhou 渾
Xiang Changsha 渾
Shuangfeng 渾

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Rime
Character 渾
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡本切
Baxter hwonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦuənX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦuonX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuənX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦwənX/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuənX/
Wang
Li 		/ɣuənX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣuənX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hùn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wan6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 渾
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hún
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hwonX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ˁurʔ/
English chaotic

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 渾
Reading # 2/2
No. 7328
Phonetic
component 		軍
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		混
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡuːnʔ/

Definitions[edit]

渾

  1. large
  2. to mix; to muddle
  3. simple; plain
  4. pure
  5. Short for 渾天／浑天.
  6. Short for 渾天儀／浑天仪 (húntiānyí).

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 3[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 渾 – see 混 (“torrential; turbid; etc.”).
(This character, 渾, is a variant form of 混.)

Pronunciation 4[edit]

Definitions[edit]

渾

  1. Only used in 渾渾／浑浑 (gǔngǔn, “alternative form of 滾滾; rolling along”).
  2. to fall

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

渾

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. all
  2. turbidity

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

渾 • (hon) (hangeul 혼, revised hon, McCune–Reischauer hon, Yale hon)

  1. muddy, turbid
  2. blend, merge, mix

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

渾: Hán Nôm readings: hồn, hỗn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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