成熟

Chinese

		finish; complete; accomplish finish; complete; accomplish; become; turn into; win; succeed; one tenth	familiar; skilled; ripe familiar; skilled; ripe; done; cooked
simp. and trad. (成熟)		成	熟
anagram		熟成

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chéngshú, chéngshóu

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄕㄨˊ, ㄔㄥˊ ㄕㄡˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sing⁴ suk⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n-su̍k / sàng-siuk

(Hailu, HRS): shin shug^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): sang² sug⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): sìng-sṳ̆k
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing² soeh⁷ / sing² syoeh⁷
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sêng-se̍k / sêng-sia̍k / sêng-sio̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): sêng⁵ sêg⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, literary; standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chéngshú
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄕㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chéngshú
  - Wade–Giles: chʻêng²-shu²
  - Yale: chéng-shú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherngshwu
  - Palladius: чэншу (čɛnšu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, colloquial; standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chéngshóu
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄕㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chéngshóu
  - Wade–Giles: chʻêng²-shou²
  - Yale: chéng-shóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherngshour
  - Palladius: чэншоу (čɛnšou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂoʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sing⁴ suk⁶
  - Yale: sìhng suhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁴ suk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: xing⁴ sug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²¹ sʊk̚²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n-su̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: siin^ˇ sug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sin² sug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹ suk̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sàng-siuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: sang^ˇ xiug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sang² xiug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /saŋ¹¹ si̯uk̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: shin shug^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /ʃin⁵⁵ ʃuk²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sang² sug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /saŋ¹¹ sʊk̚⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng-sṳ̆k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^(s-)nyʔ⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing² soeh⁷ [Phonetic: sing⁵ noeh⁷]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: síng-se̤̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^(ɬ-)nœʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing² syoeh⁷ [Phonetic: sing⁵ nyoeh⁷]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^(ɬ-)nyøʔ⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-se̍k
  - Tâi-lô: sîng-si̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sengsek
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ¹³⁻²² siɪk̚¹²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ²³⁻³³ siɪk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-sia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: sîng-sia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sengsiak
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² siak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-sio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: sîng-sio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sengsiok
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ²³⁻³³ siɔk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² siɔk̚²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sêng⁵ sêg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng se̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sek̚⁴/

Verb

成熟

(botany) to ripen; to ripe
(biology, figurative) to mature; to ripen
時機成熟／时机成熟 ― shíjī chéngshú ― the timing is right
- 惡業未成熟，愚人思如蜜；惡業成熟時，愚人必受苦。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  恶业未成熟，愚人思如蜜；恶业成熟时，愚人必受苦。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 法句經 (Fǎjùjīng) (the Dhammapada)
  Èyè wèi chéngshú, yúrén sī rú mì; èyè chéngshú shí, yúrén bì shòukǔ. [Pinyin]
  The fool thinks of their misdeed as sweet as honey before it has ripened. Once ripened, the fool is sure to come to grief.

Synonyms

(to ripen): (literary, or in compounds) 登 (dēng)

Adjective

成熟

(biology, figurative) mature

Antonyms

幼稚 (yòuzhì)
稚嫩 (zhìnèn)

Derived terms

性成熟 (xìngchéngshú)

References

“成熟”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 37.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
成	熟
せい Grade: 4	じゅく Grade: 6
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せーじゅく [sèéjúkú] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [se̞ːʑɨkɯ̟]

Noun

成(せい)熟(じゅく) • (seijuku)

Verb

成(せい)熟(じゅく)する • (seijuku suru) intransitive suru (stem 成(せい)熟(じゅく)し (seijuku shi), past 成(せい)熟(じゅく)した (seijuku shita))

to mature
- 2024 February 27, 青山豊久, quotee, “第213回国会　衆議院　予算委員会第六分科会　第1号　令和6年2月27日”, in 国会会議録検索システム‎^[1], 国立国会図書館:
  といいますのも、我が国の森林が成熟してまいりまして、主伐期に入っております。
  To ii-masu no mo, wagakuni no shinrin ga seijuku shite mairi-mashite, shubatsu-ki ni haitte ori-masu.
  This is because our country's forests have matured and are now entering the final logging period.
to ripen

Conjugation

Conjugation of "成熟する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	成熟し	せいじゅくし	seijuku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	成熟し	せいじゅくし	seijuku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	成熟する	せいじゅくする	seijuku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	成熟する	せいじゅくする	seijuku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	成熟すれ	せいじゅくすれ	seijuku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	成熟せよ¹ 成熟しろ²	せいじゅくせよ¹ せいじゅくしろ²	seijuku seyo¹ seijuku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	成熟される	せいじゅくされる	seijuku sareru
Causative	成熟させる成熟さす	せいじゅくさせるせいじゅくさす	seijuku saseru seijuku sasu
Potential	成熟できる	せいじゅくできる	seijuku dekiru
Volitional	成熟しよう	せいじゅくしよう	seijuku shiyō
Negative	成熟しない	せいじゅくしない	seijuku shinai
Negative continuative	成熟せず	せいじゅくせず	seijuku sezu
Formal	成熟します	せいじゅくします	seijuku shimasu
Perfective	成熟した	せいじゅくした	seijuku shita
Conjunctive	成熟して	せいじゅくして	seijuku shite
Hypothetical conditional	成熟すれば	せいじゅくすれば	seijuku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“成熟”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026