行動

See also: 行动

Chinese

		to go; to do; capable to go; to do; capable; all right; competent; OK; to travel; temporary; to walk; will do; behaviour; conduct; a row; profession; professional	to move; to change; to use to move; to change; to use; to act
trad. (行動)		行	動
simp. (行动)		行	动

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xíngdòng

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hang⁴ dung⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hàng-thûng / hàng-thung

  (Hailu, HRS): hang tung^˖

• Eastern Min (BUC): hèng-dông
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): heng² dorng⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hêng-tōng / hêng-tǒng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gian⁵ dong⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xíngdòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: síngdòng
    • Wade–Giles: hsing²-tung⁴
    • Yale: syíng-dùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyngdonq
    • Palladius: синдун (sindun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hang⁴ dung⁶
    • Yale: hàhng duhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hang⁴ dung⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: heng⁴ dung⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐŋ²¹ tʊŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàng-thûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: hang^ˇ tung^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hang² tung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /haŋ¹¹ tʰuŋ²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàng-thung
    • Hakka Romanization System: hang^ˇ tung
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hang² tung⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /haŋ¹¹ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: hang tung^˖
    • Sinological IPA: /haŋ⁵⁵ tʰuŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hèng-dông
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɛiŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^(t-)nouŋ²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: heng² dorng⁵ [Phonetic: heng⁴ norng⁵]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: héng-dō̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɛŋ¹³⁻⁴² ^(t-)nɒŋ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: heng² dorng⁵ [Phonetic: heng⁴ norng⁵]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɛŋ²⁴⁻⁴² ^(t-)nɒŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng-tōng
    • Tâi-lô: hîng-tōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hengdong
    • Sinological IPA (Singapore): /heŋ²⁴⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ tɔŋ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² tɔŋ²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng-tǒng
    • Tâi-lô: hîng-tǒng
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²²/

Note: literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gian⁵ dong⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiâⁿ tŏng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ toŋ³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: haeng duwngX

Rime
Character	行	動
Reading #	2/4	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	戸庚切	徒揔切
Baxter	haeng	duwngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠæŋ/	/duŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚaŋ/	/duŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣaŋ/	/duŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨjŋ/	/dəwŋX/
Li Rong	/ɣɐŋ/	/duŋX/
Wang Li	/ɣɐŋ/	/duŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣɐŋ/	/dʱuŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	héng	dòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hang4	dung6

Verb

行動

1. to act; to take action

Synonyms

• 主動／主动 (zhǔdòng)

Noun

行動

1. action; act (Classifier: 個／个 m)

   採取行動／采取行动  ―  cǎiqǔ xíngdòng  ―  to take action

2. movement (Classifier: 個／个 m)
3. operation; campaign (Classifier: 個／个 m)

   追捕行動／追捕行动  ―  zhuībǔ xíngdòng  ―  pursuit operation

Synonyms

• (action): 行徑／行径 (xíngjìng), 行為／行为 (xíngwéi)
• (campaign): 運動／运动 (yùndòng), (military operation) 作戰／作战 (zuòzhàn)

See also

• 實踐／实践 (shíjiàn)

Adjective

行動

1. mobile; portable

Synonyms

• (attributive) 機動／机动 (jīdòng)
• 移動／移动 (yídòng)

Derived terms

• 行動碟 / 行动碟 (xíngdòngdié)
• 行動載具 / 行动载具 (xíngdòng zàijù)
• 行動電話 / 行动电话 (xíngdòng diànhuà)

Adverb

行動

1. (obsolete, usually of something undesirable) often; frequently; happening easily

   • 你只怨人行動嗔怪了你，你再不知道你自己慪人難受。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     你只怨人行动嗔怪了你，你再不知道你自己怄人难受。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18^th century CE

     Nǐ zhǐ yuàn rén xíngdòng chēnguài le nǐ, nǐ zài bù zhīdào nǐ zìjǐ òu rén nánshòu. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

• 動不動／动不动 (dòngbùdòng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (行動):

• → Japanese: 行動(こうどう) (kōdō)
• → Korean: 행동(行動) (haengdong)
• → Vietnamese: hành động (行動)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xíngdòng

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hang⁴ dung⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hàng-thûng / hàng-thung

  (Hailu, HRS): hang tung^˖

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gia² dang⁵ / giann² dang⁵
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiâⁿ-tāng

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xíngdòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: síngdòng
    • Wade–Giles: hsing²-tung⁴
    • Yale: syíng-dùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyngdonq
    • Palladius: синдун (sindun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hang⁴ dung⁶
    • Yale: hàhng duhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hang⁴ dung⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: heng⁴ dung⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐŋ²¹ tʊŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàng-thûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: hang^ˇ tung^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hang² tung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /haŋ¹¹ tʰuŋ²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàng-thung
    • Hakka Romanization System: hang^ˇ tung
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hang² tung⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /haŋ¹¹ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: hang tung^˖
    • Sinological IPA: /haŋ⁵⁵ tʰuŋ³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gia² dang⁵ [Phonetic: gia⁴ lang⁵]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: giáⁿ-dāng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kia¹³⁻⁴² ^(t-)laŋ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: giann² dang⁵ [Phonetic: giann⁴ nang⁵]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kĩã²⁴⁻⁴² ^(t-)naŋ²¹/

Note: vernacular.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiâⁿ-tāng
    • Tâi-lô: kiânn-tāng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvia'dang
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiã²³⁻³³ taŋ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kiã²⁴⁻¹¹ taŋ³³/

Note: vernacular.

Verb

行動

1. to move about; to get about; to be mobile

   行動不便／行动不便  ―  xíngdòng bùbiàn  ―  to have difficulty getting about

   拐杖的作用是幫助行動不便的人。 [MSC, trad.]
   拐杖的作用是帮助行动不便的人。 [MSC, simp.]

   Guǎizhàng de zuòyòng shì bāngzhù xíngdòng bùbiàn de rén. [Pinyin]

   The purpose of a walking stick is to assist those those with mobility issues.

Synonyms

edit

• 串 (literary, or in compounds)
• 履行 (lǚxíng) (literary)
• 徒步 (túbù)
• 徒行 (túxíng) (literary)
• 步 (bù) (literary, or in compounds)
• 步履 (bùlǚ) (literary)
• 步行 (bùxíng)
• 步趨 / 步趋 (bùqū)
• 步輦 / 步辇 (Hokkien)
• 行步 (xíngbù) (literary)
• 行走 (xíngzǒu)
• 走動 / 走动 (zǒudòng)
• 走路 (zǒulù)
• 走道 (zǒudào)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
行	動
こう Grade: 2	どう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ko̞ːdo̞ː]
• (Tokyo) こーどー [kòódóó] (Heiban – [0])

Noun

行(こう)動(どう) • (kōdō) 

1. action; behavior

Verb

行(こう)動(どう)する • (kōdō suru) intransitive suru (stem 行(こう)動(どう)し (kōdō shi), past 行(こう)動(どう)した (kōdō shita))

1. to act
   • 2021 October 12, 志位和夫, quotee, “第205回国会　衆議院　本会議　第4号　令和3年10月12日”, in 国会会議録検索システム‎^[1], 国立国会図書館:

     危機感をみんなで共有して緊急に行動しなければ、地球の未来はありません。

     Kiki-kan o minna de kyōyū shite kinkyū ni kōdō shinakereba, chikyū no mirai wa ari-masen.

     Unless we all share a sense of crisis and take urgent action, the Earth will have no future.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "行動する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	行動し	こうどうし	kōdō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	行動し	こうどうし	kōdō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	行動する	こうどうする	kōdō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	行動する	こうどうする	kōdō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	行動すれ	こうどうすれ	kōdō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	行動せよ¹ 行動しろ²	こうどうせよ¹ こうどうしろ²	kōdō seyo¹ kōdō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	行動される	こうどうされる	kōdō sareru
Causative	行動させる 行動さす	こうどうさせる こうどうさす	kōdō saseru kōdō sasu
Potential	行動できる	こうどうできる	kōdō dekiru
Volitional	行動しよう	こうどうしよう	kōdō shiyō
Negative	行動しない	こうどうしない	kōdō shinai
Negative continuative	行動せず	こうどうせず	kōdō sezu
Formal	行動します	こうどうします	kōdō shimasu
Perfective	行動した	こうどうした	kōdō shita
Conjunctive	行動して	こうどうして	kōdō shite
Hypothetical conditional	行動すれば	こうどうすれば	kōdō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

See also

• 団体行動(だんたいこうどう) (dantai kōdō)
• 行動規範(こうどうきはん) (kōdō kihan)
• 行動半径(こうどうはんけい) (kōdō hankei)

Korean

Hanja in this term
行	動

Noun

行動 • (haengdong) (hangeul 행동)

1. hanja form^? of 행동 (“action”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
行	動

Noun

行動

1. chữ Hán form of hành động (“action”)

Verb

行動

1. chữ Hán form of hành động (“to act”)