履行

Chinese

		shoe; to tread on	to go; to do; capable to go; to do; capable; all right; competent; OK; to travel; temporary; to walk; will do; behaviour; conduct; a row; profession; professional
trad. (履行)		履	行
simp. #(履行)		履	行

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lǚxíng

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄩˇ ㄒㄧㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lei⁵ hang⁴

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lí-hêng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): li² gian⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lǚxíng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄩˇ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lyǔsíng
    • Wade–Giles: lü³-hsing²
    • Yale: lyǔ-syíng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leushyng
    • Palladius: люйсин (ljujsin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 履行 旅行

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lei⁵ hang⁴
    • Yale: léih hàhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lei⁵ hang⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: léi⁵ heng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lei̯¹³ hɐŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí-hêng
    • Tâi-lô: lí-hîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ly'heeng
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiɪŋ²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: li² gian⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lí kiâⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵²⁻³⁵ kĩã⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: lijX haeng

Rime
Character	履	行
Reading #	1/1	2/4
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	力几切	戸庚切
Baxter	lijX	haeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liɪX/	/ɦˠæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/liX/	/ɦᵚaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ljɪX/	/ɣaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liX/	/ɦaɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/liX/	/ɣɐŋ/
Wang Li	/liX/	/ɣɐŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/liX/	/ɣɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lǐ	héng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lei5	hang4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ijʔ  Cə.[ɡ]ˤraŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*riʔ  ɡraːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	履	行
Reading #	1/1	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lǚ	xíng
Middle Chinese	‹ lijX ›	‹ hæng ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ijʔ/	/*Cə.[ɡ]ˁraŋ/
English	tread on; sandal	walk (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	履	行
Reading #	1/1	3/4
No.	8603	13867
Phonetic component	履	行
Rime group	脂	陽
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	履	行
Old Chinese	/*riʔ/	/*ɡraːŋ/
Notes	說文一曰屍聲， 甲文爲眉聲

Verb

履行

1. to fulfill (one's promise); to perform (one's duty, a contract, etc.); to carry out

   履行承諾／履行承诺  ―  lǚxíng chéngnuò  ―  to fulfill a promise

   履行公務／履行公务  ―  lǚxíng gōngwù  ―  to perform official duties

2. (Classical) to walk

   • 誰能履行雪中，令人視之，其上履也，其履下處乃似人足者乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     谁能履行雪中，令人视之，其上履也，其履下处乃似人足者乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Shéi néng lǚxíng xuě zhōng, lìng rén shì zhī, qí shàng lǚ yě, qí lǚ xià chù nǎi sì rén zú zhě hū? [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

• (to carry out):

edit

• 來到 / 来到 (láidào)
• 執行 / 执行 (zhíxíng)
• 奉行 (fèngxíng)
• 實施 / 实施 (shíshī)
• 實現 / 实现 (shíxiàn)
• 實行 / 实行 (shíxíng)
• 實踐 / 实践 (shíjiàn)
• 採取 / 采取 (cǎiqǔ)
• 推行 (tuīxíng)
• 操作 (cāozuò)
• 啟動 / 启动 (qǐdòng)
• 施
• 施行 (shīxíng)
• 施設 / 施设 (shīshè) (literary)
• 服行 (fúxíng) (literary)
• 落地 (figurative)
• 落實 / 落实 (luòshí)
• 貫徹 / 贯彻 (guànchè)
• 踐行 / 践行 (jiànxíng) (literary)
• 遂行 (suìxíng)

• (to walk):

edit

• 串 (literary, or in compounds)
• 徒步 (túbù)
• 徒行 (túxíng) (literary)
• 步 (bù) (literary, or in compounds)
• 步履 (bùlǚ) (literary)
• 步行 (bùxíng)
• 步趨 / 步趋 (bùqū)
• 步輦 / 步辇 (Hokkien)
• 行動 / 行动 (xíngdòng)
• 行步 (xíngbù) (literary)
• 行走 (xíngzǒu)
• 走動 / 走动 (zǒudòng)
• 走路 (zǒulù)
• 走道 (zǒudào)

Derived terms

• 履行地 (lǚxíngdì)

Noun

履行

1. (Classical) moral conduct; behaviour

Synonyms

edit

• 人品 (rénpǐn)
• 人格 (réngé)
• 品德 (pǐndé)
• 品性 (pǐnxìng)
• 品格 (pǐngé)
• 品行 (pǐnxíng)
• 品質 / 品质 (pǐnzhì)
• 持守 (chíshǒu) (literary)
• 操守 (cāoshǒu)
• 操持 (cāochí)
• 操行 (cāoxíng) (usually of a student at school)
• 行止 (xíngzhǐ) (literary)
• 誠信 / 诚信 (chéngxìn)
• 質地 / 质地 (zhìdì)
• 骨 (figurative)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
履	行
り Grade: S	こう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) りこー [rìkóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɾʲiko̞ː]

Noun

履(り)行(こう) • (rikō) 

1. execution, fulfillment, implementation

Verb

履(り)行(こう)する • (rikō suru) transitive suru (stem 履(り)行(こう)し (rikō shi), past 履(り)行(こう)した (rikō shita))

1. carry out, execute, fulfill, keep
   • 1905, 夏目漱石, 吾輩は猫である:

     「約束(やくそく)なんか履行(りこう)した事(こと)がない。

     “Yakusoku nanka rikō shita koto ga nai.

     He's never kept any of his promises.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "履行する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	履行し	りこうし	rikō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	履行し	りこうし	rikō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	履行する	りこうする	rikō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	履行する	りこうする	rikō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	履行すれ	りこうすれ	rikō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	履行せよ¹ 履行しろ²	りこうせよ¹ りこうしろ²	rikō seyo¹ rikō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	履行される	りこうされる	rikō sareru
Causative	履行させる 履行さす	りこうさせる りこうさす	rikō saseru rikō sasu
Potential	履行できる	りこうできる	rikō dekiru
Volitional	履行しよう	りこうしよう	rikō shiyō
Negative	履行しない	りこうしない	rikō shinai
Negative continuative	履行せず	りこうせず	rikō sezu
Formal	履行します	りこうします	rikō shimasu
Perfective	履行した	りこうした	rikō shita
Conjunctive	履行して	りこうして	rikō shite
Hypothetical conditional	履行すれば	りこうすれば	rikō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

• “履行”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
履	行

Noun

履行 • (ihaeng) (hangeul 이행)

1. hanja form^? of 이행 (“implementation”)