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垢

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
垢 U+57A2, 垢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-57A2
← 垡
[U+57A1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 垣 →
[U+57A3]

Translingual

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Han character

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垢 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+6, 9 strokes, Cangjie input 土竹一口 (GHMR), four-corner 42161, composition ⿰土后)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 228, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5058
  • Dae Jaweon: page 464, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 440, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+57A2

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 垢
alternative forms 坸
𡊦

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (后) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
垢 *koːʔ
詬 *koːʔ, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs
茩 *koːʔ
姤 *koːs
銗 *ɡoː
骺 *ɡoː
后 *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs
垕 *ɡoːʔ
郈 *ɡoːʔ
逅 *ɡoːs
鲘
缿 *ɡoːs, *ɡroːŋʔ

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • gao3 - vernacular;
  • gieo4 - literary.
Note:
  • káu - vernacular;
  • kió/kó͘ - literary.
Note:
  • gao2 - vernacular;
  • gou3 - literary.
Rime
Character 垢
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古厚切
Baxter kuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kəuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kəuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəwX/
Li
Rong 		/kuX/
Wang
Li 		/kəuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gau2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 垢
Reading # 1/1
No. 5160
Phonetic
component 		后
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		苟
Old
Chinese 		/*koːʔ/

Definitions

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垢

  1. filth; dirt
    油垢  ―  yóugòu  ―  greasy dirt
  2. filthy
  3. (obsolete) dust
  4. (literary) shame
    alt. forms: 詬 / 诟 (gòu)

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 皴 (“grime on one's skin”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 污垢
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 皴兒, 皴, 泥兒, 泥拘拘兒, 泥拘溜兒, 泥卷兒
Taiwan 污垢
Harbin 皴
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 垢圿
Xi'an 垢圿
Xuzhou 疙子
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 垢圿
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 垢圿
Lanzhou 垢圿
Ürümqi 垢圿
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 圿圿
Wuhan 圪漬
Guiyang 格膩
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 古漆頭兒, 古漆, 古𪣩
Yangzhou 𪣩
Cantonese Guangzhou 老泥
Hong Kong 老泥
Taishan 老泥
Kaiping (Chikan) 老泥
Dongguan 老絡
Gan Nanchang 垢圿
Pingxiang 老㿸, 㿸
Hakka Meixian 㿸
Xingning 㿸, 㿸膠哩
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 㿸牯
Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) 㿸, 老絡, 老泥
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 㿸
Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) 㿸
Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) 㿸
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 㿸
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 㿸
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 㿸
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 㿸
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 㿸
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 㿸
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 㿸
Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 㿸
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 㿸
Hong Kong 㿸牯
Jin Taiyuan 圪搓搓
Xinzhou 黑水
Northern Min Jian'ou 垢
Eastern Min Fuzhou 垢
Southern Min Xiamen 鉎, 垢圿
Quanzhou 垢圿
Zhao'an 垢糗
Taipei 鉎
New Taipei (Tamsui) 鉎
New Taipei (Sanxia) 鉎
New Taipei (Pingxi) 鉎
Kaohsiung 鉎
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 鉎
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 鉎
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 鉎
Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 鉎
Yilan (Luodong) 鉎
Yilan (Toucheng) 鉎
Tainan 鉎, 垢圿鉎
Tainan (Anping) 鉎
Kinmen 鉎
Penghu (Magong) 鉎
Penghu (Xiyu) 鉎
Manila (Hokkien) 垢圿
Shantou 垢圿
Jieyang 垢圿, 垢圿丸
Leizhou 垢圿
Haikou 垢圿
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 㾪塗
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 老泥
Wu Shanghai 𪣩, 老𪣩
Shanghai (Songjiang) 污垽
Shanghai (Jiading) 𪣩, 老𪣩
Danyang 𪣩
Ningbo 泥鏽
Wenzhou 零藏
Xiang Changsha 㿸圿子, 㿸

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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垢

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. grime

Readings

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  • Go-on: く (ku)
  • Kan-on: こう (kō)
  • Kun: あか (aka, 垢)、はじ (haji, 垢)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
垢
あか
Hyōgai
kun'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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垢(あか) • (aka) 

  1. scum
  2. dirt

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
垢
あか
Hyōgai
(ateji)
kun'yomi

A clipping of アカウント (akaunto, “account”). The kanji spelling is an example of ateji (当(あ)て字(じ)).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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垢(あか) or 垢(アカ) • (aka) 

  1. (slang, computing) account
    垢(あか)BAN(バン)
    aka-ban
    ban of one's account; account ban
    さっきプレミアム垢(あか)にしてきたので画(が)質(しつ)テスト版(ばん)です。[1]
    Sakki puremiamu aka ni shitekita no de gashitsu tesuto ban desu.
    I just made my account a premium account, so this is a video quality test version.
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
垢
く
Hyōgai
on'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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垢(く) • (ku) 

  1. klesha

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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垢 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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垢: Hán Nôm readings: cấu, cáu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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