山歌

Chinese

		mountain; hill	song
simp. and trad. (山歌)		山	歌

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shāngē

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ ㄍㄜ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saan¹ go¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sân-kô

  (Meixian, Guangdong): san¹ go¹

• Min Nan (POJ): san-ko͘ / san-ko / soaⁿ-koa

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: shāngē
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ ㄍㄜ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shange
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shange
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Pinyin: shāngēr
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ ㄍㄜㄦ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shangel
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shanger
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵ kɤɻ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: saan¹ go¹
    • Yale: sāan gō
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saan¹ go¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: san¹ go¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /säːn⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sân-kô
    • Hakka Romanization System: san´ go´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: san¹ go¹
    • Sinological IPA: /san²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: san¹ go¹
    • Sinological IPA: /san⁴⁴ ko⁴⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: san-ko͘
    • Tâi-lô: san-koo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sankof
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /san³³ kɔ³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: san-ko
    • Tâi-lô: san-ko
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sankoy
    • IPA (Taipei): /san⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /san⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /san⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-koa
    • Tâi-lô: suann-kua
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svoa'koaf
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /suã³³ kua³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² kua⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʃˠɛn  kɑ/

Rime
Character	山	歌
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	山 (73)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	所閒切	古俄切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠɛn/	/kɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚæn/	/kɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃæn/	/kɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂəɨn/	/ka/
Li Rong	/ʃɛn/	/kɑ/
Wang Li	/ʃæn/	/kɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂăn/	/kɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shān	gē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saan1	go1

Noun

山歌

1. folk song; mountain song; hill song (Classifier: 首; 支)

   • 阿公啊，挨弦仔，阿婆就來唱山歌。 [Sixian Hakka, trad.]
     阿公啊，挨弦仔，阿婆就来唱山歌。 [Sixian Hakka, simp.]

     From: 客家世界

     Â-kûng â, âi hièn-é, â-phò chhiu lòi chhong sân-kô. [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]

     Grandpa's playing the huqin; grandma comes to sing hill songs.

   客家山歌  ―  kèjiā shāngē  ―  Hakka hill song