俄

俄 U+4FC4, 俄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FC4 ← 促 [U+4FC3] CJK Unified Ideographs 俅 → [U+4FC5]

Translingual

Han character

俄 (radical 9 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人竹手戈 (OHQI), four-corner 2325₀, composition ⿰亻我)

References

• KangXi: page 104, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 665
• Dae Jaweon: page 220, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 162, character 14
• Unihan data for U+4FC4

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		俄

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 俄
Large seal script L08399 L08400 Small seal script s05857
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (large seal) and Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (我) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
莪	*ŋaːl
哦	*ŋaːl
娥	*ŋaːl
峨	*ŋaːl
峩	*ŋaːl
鵝	*ŋaːl
俄	*ŋaːl
蛾	*ŋaːl, *ŋralʔ
睋	*ŋaːl
涐	*ŋaːl
誐	*ŋaːl
硪	*ŋaːl, *ŋaːlʔ
我	*ŋaːlʔ
騀	*ŋaːlʔ
餓	*ŋaːls
義	*ŋrals
儀	*ŋral
轙	*ŋral, *ŋralʔ
檥	*ŋral, *ŋralʔ
蟻	*ŋralʔ
艤	*ŋralʔ
礒	*ŋralʔ
羛	*ŋralʔ, *hŋral
議	*ŋrals
犧	*hŋral
曦	*hŋral
羲	*hŋral

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): é, è (e², e⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄜˊ, ㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngo⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngò
• Min Dong (BUC): ngò̤
• Min Nan (POJ): ngô͘ / gô
• Wu (Wiktionary): ngu (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: é
    • Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
    • Wade-Giles: o²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
    • IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ³⁵/
    • 
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: è
    • Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
    • Wade-Giles: o⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
    • IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngo⁵
    • Yale: ngóh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngo⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngo⁵
    • IPA ^(key): /ŋɔː¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngò
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngoˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngo²
    • IPA: /ŋo¹¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngò̤
    • IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngô͘
    • Tâi-lô: ngôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ngoo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋɔ̃²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô
    • Tâi-lô: gô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gooi
    • IPA (Taipei): /go²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /gɤ²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /go²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /go¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: ngu (T3)
    • IPA ^(key): /ŋv̩ʷ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ŋɑ/▼

Rime
Character	俄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五何切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋa/
Li Rong	/ŋɑ/
Wang Li	/ŋɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	é

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	俄
Reading #	1/1
No.	13035
Phonetic component	我
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	莪
Old Chinese	/*ŋaːl/

Definitions

俄

1. suddenly, (very) soon, presently

   俄而  ―  éér  ―  after a while; presently

2. Russia (abbreviation) (É, È)

   俄語 / 俄语  ―  Éyǔ  ―  Russian language

3. a phonetic component used in loanwords

   俄克拉何馬 / 俄克拉何马  ―  Ékèlāhémǎ  ―  Oklahoma

   俄勒岡 / 俄勒冈  ―  Élègāng  ―  Oregon

Compounds

Compounds

• 俄國／俄国 (Éguó)
• 俄國人／俄国人 (éguórén)
• 俄里 (élǐ, “verst”)
• 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī)
• 俄羅斯人／俄罗斯人 (éluósīrén)
• 俄羅斯族／俄罗斯族 (éluósīzú)
• 俄頃／俄顷 (éqǐng)
• 俄文 (Éwén)
• 俄語／俄语 (éyǔ)

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Japanese

Kanji

俄

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

• Goon: が (ga)
• Kan’on: が (ga)
• Kun: にわか (niwaka)^{←にはか (nihaka, historical)}

Compounds

Compounds

• 俄然 (がぜん) (gazen): suddenly, abruptly
• 俄雨 (にわかあめ) (niwakaame): rain shower

Adjective

俄 (-na inflection, hiragana にわか, rōmaji niwaka, historical hiragana にはか)

1. sudden, abrupt, unexpected, improvised, offhand

Inflection

Inflection of "俄な"

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	俄だろ	にわかだろ	niwaka daro
Continuative (連用形)	俄で	にわかで	niwaka de
Terminal (終止形)	俄だ	にわかだ	niwaka da
Attributive (連体形)	俄な	にわかな	niwaka na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	俄なら	にわかなら	niwaka nara
Imperative (命令形)	俄であれ	にわかであれ	niwaka de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	俄ではない 俄じゃない	にわかではない にわかじゃない	niwaka de wa nai niwaka ja nai
Informal past	俄だった	にわかだった	niwaka datta
Informal negative past	俄ではなかった 俄じゃなかった	にわかではなかった にわかじゃなかった	niwaka de wa nakatta niwaka ja nakatta
Formal	俄です	にわかです	niwaka desu
Formal negative	俄ではありません 俄じゃありません	にわかではありません にわかじゃありません	niwaka de wa arimasen niwaka ja arimasen
Formal past	俄でした	にわかでした	niwaka deshita
Formal negative past	俄ではありませんでした 俄じゃありませんでした	にわかではありませんでした にわかじゃありませんでした	niwaka de wa arimasen deshita niwaka ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	俄で	にわかで	niwaka de
Conditional	俄なら（ば）	にわかなら（ば）	niwaka nara (ba)
Provisional	俄だったら	にわかだったら	niwaka dattara
Volitional	俄だろう	にわかだろう	niwaka darō
Adverbial	俄に	にわかに	niwaka ni
Degree	俄さ	にわかさ	niwakasa

Noun

俄 (hiragana にわか, rōmaji niwaka, historical hiragana にはか)

1. abbreviation of 俄狂言 (にわかきょうげん) (niwaka kyōgen): a farce; an impromptu comic interlude during a Noh play
2. by extension, any impromptu joke, witticism, or pun

See also

• 駄洒落 (だじゃれ) (dajare): a pun, a groaner
• 地口 (じぐち) (jiguchi): a pun

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Korean

Hanja

俄 • (a) (hangeul 아, McCune-Reischauer a)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
俄

Noun

俄

1. Hán tự form of Nga, nga, “Russia, Russian”

References

• Nom Foundation