俄

俄	U+4FC4, 俄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FC4

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

俄 (radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人竹手戈 (OHQI), four-corner 2325₀, composition ⿰亻我)

References[edit]

KangXi: page 104, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 665
Dae Jaweon: page 220, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 162, character 14
Unihan data for U+4FC4

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		俄

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 俄

**Small seal script**
s05857

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L08399	L08400

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (我) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
莪	*ŋaːl
哦	*ŋaːl
娥	*ŋaːl
峨	*ŋaːl
峩	*ŋaːl
鵝	*ŋaːl
俄	*ŋaːl
蛾	ŋaːl, ŋralʔ
睋	*ŋaːl
涐	*ŋaːl
誐	*ŋaːl
硪	ŋaːl, ŋaːlʔ
我	*ŋaːlʔ
騀	*ŋaːlʔ
餓	*ŋaːls
義	*ŋrals
儀	*ŋral
轙	ŋral, ŋralʔ
檥	ŋral, ŋralʔ
蟻	*ŋralʔ
艤	*ŋralʔ
礒	*ŋralʔ
羛	ŋralʔ, hŋral
議	*ŋrals
犧	*hŋral
曦	*hŋral
羲	*hŋral

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): é (e²)

(Zhuyin): ㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngo⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngò
Min Dong (BUC): ngò̤
Min Nan (POJ): gô / ngô͘
Wu (Wiktionary): ngu (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: é
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
  - Wade–Giles: o²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
  - Tongyong Pinyin: é
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngo⁴
  - Yale: ngòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngo⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔː²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngò
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngoˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngo²
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngò̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô
  - Tâi-lô: gô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gooi
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ɡo²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɤ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngô͘
  - Tâi-lô: ngôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngoo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋɔ̃²⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ngu (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋv̩ʷ²³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋɑ/

Rime
Character	俄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五何切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋa/
Li Rong	/ŋɑ/
Wang Li	/ŋɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	é

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	俄
Reading #	1/1
No.	13035
Phonetic component	我
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	莪
Old Chinese	/*ŋaːl/

Definitions[edit]

俄

suddenly; (very) soon; presently
俄而 ― é'ér ― after a while; presently
tilted

Compounds[edit]

俄亥俄州
俄延 (éyán)
俄然 (érán)
俄爾／俄尔 (é'ěr)

俄而 (é'ér)
俄里 (élǐ)
俄頃／俄顷 (éqǐng)

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): É, È

(Zhuyin): ㄜˊ, ㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngo⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngò
Min Dong (BUC): ngò̤
Min Nan (POJ): gô / ngô͘
Wu (Wiktionary): ngu (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: É
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
  - Wade–Giles: o²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
  - Tongyong Pinyin: é
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant, common in Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: È
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
  - Wade–Giles: o⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: è
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngo⁴
  - Yale: ngòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngo⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔː²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngò
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngoˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngo²
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngò̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô
  - Tâi-lô: gô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gooi
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ɡo²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɤ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngô͘
  - Tâi-lô: ngôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngoo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋɔ̃²⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ngu (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋv̩ʷ²³/

Definitions[edit]

俄

Short for 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī, “Russia”).
俄語 / 俄语 ― Éyǔ ― Russian language

Compounds[edit]

俄國／俄国 (Éguó)
俄國人／俄国人 (éguórén)
俄文 (Éwén)
俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī)
俄羅斯人／俄罗斯人 (éluósīrén)

俄羅斯族／俄罗斯族 (Éluósīzú)
俄語／俄语 (éyǔ)
帝俄 (Dì'é)
日俄戰爭／日俄战争
沙俄 (Shā'é)

白俄 (bái'é)
白俄羅斯／白俄罗斯 (Bái'éluósī)
蘇俄／苏俄 (Sū'é)
赤俄

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Go-on: が (ga)
Kan-on: が (ga)
Kun: にわか (niwaka, 俄)^{←にはか (nifaka, historical)}

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

俄然(がぜん) (gazen): suddenly, abruptly
俄雨(にわかあめ) (niwakaame): rain shower

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
俄
にわか Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Adjective[edit]

俄(にわか) • (niwaka) -na (adnominal 俄(にわか)な (niwaka na), adverbial 俄(にわか)に (niwaka ni), historical kana にはか)

sudden, abrupt, unexpected, improvised, offhand

Inflection[edit]

Inflection of 俄

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	俄だろ	にわかだろ	niwaka daro
Continuative (連用形)	俄で	にわかで	niwaka de
Terminal (終止形)	俄だ	にわかだ	niwaka da
Attributive (連体形)	俄な	にわかな	niwaka na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	俄なら	にわかなら	niwaka nara
Imperative (命令形)	俄であれ	にわかであれ	niwaka de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	俄ではない俄じゃない	にわかではないにわかじゃない	niwaka de wa nai niwaka ja nai
Informal past	俄だった	にわかだった	niwaka datta
Informal negative past	俄ではなかった俄じゃなかった	にわかではなかったにわかじゃなかった	niwaka de wa nakatta niwaka ja nakatta
Formal	俄です	にわかです	niwaka desu
Formal negative	俄ではありません俄じゃありません	にわかではありませんにわかじゃありません	niwaka de wa arimasen niwaka ja arimasen
Formal past	俄でした	にわかでした	niwaka deshita
Formal negative past	俄ではありませんでした俄じゃありませんでした	にわかではありませんでしたにわかじゃありませんでした	niwaka de wa arimasen deshita niwaka ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	俄で	にわかで	niwaka de
Conditional	俄なら（ば）	にわかなら（ば）	niwaka nara (ba)
Provisional	俄だったら	にわかだったら	niwaka dattara
Volitional	俄だろう	にわかだろう	niwaka darō
Adverbial	俄に	にわかに	niwaka ni
Degree	俄さ	にわかさ	niwakasa

Noun[edit]

俄(にわか) • (niwaka) (historical kana にはか)

abbreviation of 俄狂言(にわかきょうげん) (niwaka kyōgen): a farce; an impromptu comic interlude during a Noh play
by extension, any impromptu joke, witticism, or pun

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
俄
が Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 俄 (MC ŋɑ).

Pronunciation[edit]

On’yomi
- IPA^(key): [ɡa̠]

Affix[edit]

俄(が) • (ga)

sudden, abrupt, unexpected

Derived terms[edit]

俄然(がぜん) (gazen)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

俄 (eum 아 (a))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

俄: Hán Việt readings: nga (五(ngũ)何(hà)切(thiết))^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
俄: Nôm readings: nga^[1]^[2]^[3]^[6], ngoa^[2]

Hán tự form of Nga, nga (“Russia, Russian”).
Hán tự form of nga (“sudden; in an instant”).

Compounds[edit]

㗂俄 (tiếng Nga)

References[edit]

[tdcndg-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[bonet-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-4] Génibrel (1898).

[gdhn-5] Trần (2004).

[taberd-6] Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

俄

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Inflection[edit]

Noun[edit]

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Affix[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

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