促

促 U+4FC3, 促 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FC3 ← 係 [U+4FC2] CJK Unified Ideographs 俄 → [U+4FC4]

Translingual

Han character

促 (radical 9 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人口卜人 (ORYO), four-corner 2628₁, composition ⿰亻足)

1. urge, press, hurry
2. close, intimate

References

• KangXi: page 104, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 664
• Dae Jaweon: page 220, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 161, character 2
• Unihan data for U+4FC3

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		促

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 促
Small seal script s05878
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (large seal) and Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (足) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
足	*ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ
莡	*sʰaːwɢ
捉	*ʔsoːɡ
齪	*sʰroːɡ, *sʰruɡ
娖	*zroːɡ
浞	*zroːɡ
鋜	*zroːɡ
趗	*sʰoːɡ, *sʰoɡ
珿	*sʰruɡ
哫	*ʔsoɡ
促	*sʰoɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cù (cu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cuk¹
• Min Nan (POJ): chhiok / chhiak / chhek

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: cù
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄨˋ
    • Wade-Giles: ts'u⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuh
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: cuk¹
    • Yale: chūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsuk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: cug¹
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiok
    • Tâi-lô: tshiok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiog
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
    • Tâi-lô: tshiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek
    • Tâi-lô: tshik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zheg
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²/

Note:

• chhiok - literary;
• chhiak/chhek - vernacular.

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰɨok̚/▼

Rime
Character	促
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	燭 (8)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	七玉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰiok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰiok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰuawk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰiok̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭwok̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cu

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰoɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	促
Reading #	1/1
No.	17927
Phonetic component	足
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	促
Old Chinese	/*sʰoɡ/

Definitions

促

1. urgent
2. to draw close
3. short
4. to reduce
5. narrow
6. to urge
7. to reach
8. respectful and cautious

Compounds

• 侷促 (júcù)
• 侷促一隅
• 侷促不安
• 促使 (cùshǐ)
• 促促
• 促坐
• 促席
• 促忙
• 促忙促急
• 促成 (cùchéng)
• 促拍
• 促掐
• 促步
• 促狹／促狭
• 促狹鬼／促狭鬼
• 促病
• 促發／促发
• 促眉

• 促織／促织 (cùzhī)
• 促聲／促声
• 促脈／促脉
• 促膝
• 促膝談心／促膝谈心
• 促膝長談／促膝长谈
• 促裝／促装 (cùzhuāng)
• 促請／促请
• 促趲／促趱
• 促迫
• 促進／促进 (cùjìn)
• 促銷／促销 (cùxiāo)
• 促音 (cùyīn)
• 倉促／仓促 (cāngcù)
• 催促 (cuīcù)
• 刺促
• 匆促 (cōngcù)
• 局促

• 局促一隅
• 局促不安
• 急促 (jícù)
• 敦促 (dūncù)
• 督促 (dūcù)
• 短促 (duǎncù)
• 短壽促命／短寿促命
• 短局促
• 窘促 (jiǒngcù)
• 緊促／紧促 (jǐncù)
• 聯合促銷／联合促销
• 脆促
• 跼促
• 蹇促
• 迫促
• 逼促
• 鬼促促

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 促 – see 齪. (This character, 促, is a variant form of 齪.)

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 促 – see 蹙. (This character, 促, is the second-round simplified form of 蹙.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan.

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Japanese

Kanji

促

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): そく (soku, Jōyō)
• Kun: うながす (unagasu, 促す, Jōyō); せまる (semaru, 促る)

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Korean

Hanja

促 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune-Reischauer ch'ok)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

促 (xúc, thúc)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation