俄羅斯

See also: 俄罗斯

Chinese

	phonetic
trad. (俄羅斯)	俄	羅	斯
simp. (俄罗斯)	俄	罗	斯
alternative forms	鄂羅斯／鄂罗斯 Qing Dynasty 斡羅思／斡罗思 Yuan Dynasty 峨羅斯／峨罗斯 obsolete

Wikipedia has articles on:

俄羅斯 / 俄罗斯 (Chinese)
俄羅斯 / 俄罗斯 (Cantonese)
俄羅斯 (Classical Chinese)
俄羅斯 / 俄罗斯 (Gan)
Ngò-lò-sṳ̂ (Hakka)
Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆ (Eastern Min)
Gô-lô-su (Min Nan)
俄羅斯 / 俄罗斯 (Wu)

Etymology

Qing-era Mandarin transliteration of Manchu ᠣᡵᠣᠰ (oros, “Russians; Russia”), from Classical Mongolian ᠣᠷᠣᠰ᠋ (oros, “Russians; Russia”), from Middle Mongol 斡羅思 (oros, “Rus”), from Kipchak [Term?] (“Rus”) (whence Armeno-Kipchak Որուս (Orus, “Ruthenia”), with vowel-harmonic prothesis o- avoiding initial liquid r-), from Old East Slavic Русь f (Rusĭ, “Rus”), from Proto-Finnic *roocci (“Swede, Varangian”).

During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, when the Siku Quanshu (四庫全書) was officially compiled, this word's spelling was standardised as 俄羅斯 / 俄罗斯, replacing the inconsistent, earlier spellings and terms 羅剎 / 罗刹 and 鄂羅斯 / 鄂罗斯.

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Does the Èluósī reading come from 鄂羅斯／鄂罗斯?”

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Éluósī, Èluósī

(Zhuyin): ㄜˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ, ㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngo⁴ lo⁴ si¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngo³ lo³ lhu¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Ngò-lò-sṳ̂

(Meixian, Guangdong): ngo² lo² si¹
Eastern Min (BUC): Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Gô-lô-su / Ngô͘-lô-sir / Ngô͘-lô-su / Gô͘-lô-su

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngo⁵ lo⁵ se¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ngu-lu-sy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Éluósī
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: éluósih
  - Wade–Giles: o²-lo²-ssŭ¹
  - Yale: é-lwó-sz̄
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: erluosy
  - Palladius: элосы (elosy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant, common in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Èluósī
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: èluósih
  - Wade–Giles: o⁴-lo²-ssŭ¹
  - Yale: è-lwó-sz̄
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ehluosy
  - Palladius: элосы (elosy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngo⁴ lo⁴ si¹
  - Yale: ngòh lòh sī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngo⁴ lo⁴ si¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngo⁴ lo⁴ xi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔː²¹ lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngo³ lo³ lhu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡᵘɔ²² lᵘɔ²² ɬu³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Ngò-lò-sṳ̂
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngo^ˇ lo^ˇ sii^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngo² lo² si¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹ lo¹¹ sɨ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngo² lo² si¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹ lo¹¹ sz̩⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵³⁻³³ l̃o⁵³⁻³³ ^(s-)ly⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Gô-lô-su
  - Tâi-lô: Gô-lô-su
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goiloisw
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /ɡo²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³⁻²² lo¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ngô͘-lô-sir
  - Tâi-lô: Ngôo-lô-sir
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ngô͘-lô-su
  - Tâi-lô: Ngôo-lô-su
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngoloisw
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃²³⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Gô͘-lô-su
  - Tâi-lô: Gôo-lô-su
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goloisw
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɔ²³⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /ɡɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngo⁵ lo⁵ se¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngô lô sṳ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sɯ³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ngu-lu-sy
  - MiniDict: ngu^去 lu sy
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ngu-lu-sr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋu²² lu⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/

Proper noun

俄羅斯

Russia (a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia; abbreviation 俄 (É))
中國和俄羅斯的邊界 [MSC, trad.]
中国和俄罗斯的边界 [MSC, simp.]
Zhōngguó hé Éluósī de biānjiè [Pinyin]
the border between China and Russia

Synonyms

edit

俄國 / 俄国 (Éguó)
俄羅斯 / 俄罗斯 (Éluósī)
俄羅斯聯邦 / 俄罗斯联邦 (Éluósī Liánbāng) (full name of modern Russia)
契哥 (qìgē) (Hong Kong, Internet slang, derogatory)
斡羅思 / 斡罗思 (Yuan Dynasty)
羅剎 / 罗刹 (Luóchà) (obsolete, derogatory, Qing Dynasty)
羅剎國 / 罗刹国 ( obsolete, derogatory, Qing Dynasty)
羅宋 / 罗宋 (Luósòng) (dated, Shanghainese)
鿡西亞 / 鿡西亚 (Qing Dynasty, Orthodox Christian)
蘇聯 / 苏联 (Sūlián) (informal, by extension, imprecise)
鄂羅斯 / 鄂罗斯 (Qing Dynasty)
露西亞 / 露西亚 (Lùxīyà) (dated, Min Nan, Hakka, Northeastern Mandarin, Dalian dialect, ACG)
魯西亞 / 鲁西亚 (Ming Dynasty)

Dialectal synonyms of 俄羅斯 (“Russia”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	俄羅斯, 俄國
	Malaysia	俄羅斯
	Singapore	俄羅斯
Central Plains Mandarin	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	烏魯斯, 羅西亞
Cantonese	Hong Kong	俄羅斯, 俄國
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	露西亞, 俄羅
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	露西亞, 俄羅
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	露西亞, 俄羅
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	露西亞, 俄羅
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	露西亞, 俄羅
Southern Min	Xiamen	俄羅斯
	Quanzhou	俄羅斯
	Zhangzhou	俄羅斯
	Taipei	露西亞 GT
	Manila (Hokkien)	蘇聯
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Derived terms

俄羅斯人 / 俄罗斯人 (éluósīrén)
俄羅斯文 / 俄罗斯文 (Éluósīwén)
俄羅斯方塊 / 俄罗斯方块 (Éluósī Fāngkuài)
俄羅斯沙拉 / 俄罗斯沙拉 (Éluósī shālā)
俄羅斯聯邦 / 俄罗斯联邦 (Éluósī Liánbāng)
俄羅斯語 / 俄罗斯语 (Éluósīyǔ)
俄羅斯輪盤 / 俄罗斯轮盘 (Éluósīlúnpán)
大俄羅斯主義 / 大俄罗斯主义 (dà éluósī zhǔyì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (俄羅斯):

→ Japanese: 俄(オ)羅(ロ)斯(ス) (Orosu); 俄(オ)羅(ロ)斯(シャ) (Orosha)
→ Korean: 아라사(俄羅斯) (Arasa)
→ Vietnamese: Nga La Tư (俄羅斯)

Others:

→ Zhuang: Ngozlozswh

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
俄	羅	斯
オ Jinmeiyō (ateji)	ロ Grade: S (ateji)	ス Jinmeiyō (ateji)
irregular	irregular	tōon

From Mandarin 俄羅斯 / 俄罗斯 (Éluósī).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [o̞ɾo̞sɨ]

^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Proper noun

俄(オ)羅(ロ)斯(ス) • (Orosu)

(obsolete) Russia (a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)
Synonym: ロシア

Synonyms: (obsolete) 露国, (obsolete) 魯国

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
俄	羅	斯
オ Jinmeiyō (ateji)	ロ Grade: S (ateji)	シャ Jinmeiyō (ateji)
irregular

From Mandarin 俄羅斯 / 俄罗斯 (Éluósī), affected by Russian Росси́я (Rossíja).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [o̞ɾo̞ɕa̠]

Proper noun

俄(オ)羅(ロ)斯(シャ) • (Orosha) ^{←オロシヤ (Orosya)^?}

(obsolete) Russia (a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)
- (Can we date this quote?), 森鷗外 [Mori Ōgai], 柵草紙の山房論文:
  
  美(び)術(じゅつ)を評(ひょう)し、文(ぶん)學(がく)を論(ろん)ずるに當(あた)りて、沒(ぼつ)理(り)想(そう)を基(もと)とするものは、獨逸(ドイツ)に文(ぶん)庫(こ) Magazin(マガツィーン) の一黨(いっとう)あり、スカンヂナヰヤにイプセンが餘(よ)流(りゅう)あり、英吉利(イギリス)にも俄羅斯(オロシャ)にもその人(ひと)あれど、概(おほむね)皆(みな)エミル・ゾラを宗(むね)とす。
  Bijutsu o hyōshi, bungaku o ronzuru ni atari te, botsurisō o moto to suru mono wa, Doitsu ni bunko Magatsīn no ittō ari, Sukanjinaiya ni Ipusen ga yoryū ari, Igirisu nimo Orosha nimo sono hito aredo, ohomune mina Emiru Zora o mune tosu.
  (please add an English translation of this example)

References

^ Tetsuji Morohashi [et al.] (1989), 大漢和辞典, →ISBN
^ Akiyasu Tōdō [et al.] (2011), 漢字源, →ISBN
^ Tadashi Kamata [et al.] (2004), 新漢語林, →ISBN
^ 坂似水 (1874), 地名訳書字引

Korean

Hanja in this term
俄	羅	斯

Proper noun

俄羅斯 • (arasa) (hangeul 아라사)

hanja form^? of 아라사

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
俄	羅	斯

Proper noun

俄羅斯

chữ Hán form of Nga La Tư

[1] Tetsuji Morohashi [et al.] (1989), 大漢和辞典, →ISBN

[2] Akiyasu Tōdō [et al.] (2011), 漢字源, →ISBN

[3] Tadashi Kamata [et al.] (2004), 新漢語林, →ISBN

[4] 坂似水 (1874), 地名訳書字引

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]