俄羅斯

See also: 俄罗斯

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (俄羅斯)		俄	羅	斯
simp. (俄罗斯)		俄	罗	斯
alternative forms		鄂羅斯／鄂罗斯 斡羅思／斡罗思 峨羅斯／峨罗斯

Etymology

Borrowed from Manchu ᠣᡵᠣᠰ (oros), from Classical Mongolian ᠣᠷᠤᠰ (orus), from Middle Mongol 斡羅思 (orus), from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ). Cognates include modern Mongolian Орос (Oros), ᠣᠷᠤᠰ (orus).

Mongolian does not allow word-initial r-, and regressive vowel harmony generated the prosthetic word-initial vowel, which is retained in Chinese as an extra syllable.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Éluósī, Èluósī

  (Zhuyin): ㄜˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ, ㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngo⁴ lo⁴ si¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngo³ lo³ lhu¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Ngò-lò-sṳ̂

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngo² lo² si¹

• Min Dong (BUC): Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): Gô-lô-su / Ngô͘-lô-sir

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngo⁵ lo⁵ se¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): ³ngu-lu-sr

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Éluósī
    • Zhuyin: ㄜˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: éluósih
    • Wade–Giles: o²-lo²-ssŭ¹
    • Yale: é-lwó-sz̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: erluosy
    • Palladius: элосы (elosy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ³⁵ lwɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant, common in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Èluósī
    • Zhuyin: ㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: èluósih
    • Wade–Giles: o⁴-lo²-ssŭ¹
    • Yale: è-lwó-sz̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ehluosy
    • Palladius: элосы (elosy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹ lwɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngo⁴ lo⁴ si¹
    • Yale: ngòh lòh sī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngo⁴ lo⁴ si¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngo⁴ lo⁴ xi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔː²¹ lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ngo³ lo³ lhu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡᵘɔ²² lᵘɔ²² ɬu³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Ngò-lò-sṳ̂
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngoˇ loˇ sii´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngo² lo² si¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹ lo¹¹ sɨ²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngo² lo² si¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹ lo¹¹ sz̩⁴⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵³⁻³³ l̃o⁵³⁻³³ ^(s-)ly⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Gô-lô-su
    • Tâi-lô: Gô-lô-su
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goiloisw
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³⁻²² lo¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɤ²³⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡo²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡo²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ngô͘-lô-sir
    • Tâi-lô: Ngôo-lô-sir
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ngo⁵ lo⁵ se¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngô lô sṳ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sɯ³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: ³ngu-lu-sr
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋv̩ʷ²² lv̩ʷ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/

Proper noun

俄羅斯

1. Russia (a country in Eastern Europe and Asia)

   中國和俄羅斯的邊界 [MSC, trad.]
   中国和俄罗斯的边界 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhōngguó hé Éluósī de biānjiè [Pinyin]

   the border between China and Russia

Synonyms

• (abbreviation) 俄 (É)
• 俄國／俄国 (Éguó)
• (Dungan) Вурус (Vurus)
• (Yuan dynasty) 斡羅思／斡罗思
• (Ming dynasty) 魯西亞／鲁西亚
• (Qing dynasty, now rather offensive) 羅剎／罗刹 (Luóchà)
• (Qing dynasty) 鄂羅斯／鄂罗斯
• (Qing dynasty, Orthodoxy) 鿡西亞／鿡西亚
• (dated, Shanghainese, attributive only) 羅宋／罗宋 (luósòng)
• (dated or Min Nan, Hakka, Northeastern Mandarin, Dalian dialect, ACG) 露西亞／露西亚 (Lùxīyà)
• (informal, by extension) 蘇聯／苏联 (Sūlián)

Derived terms

• 俄羅斯人／俄罗斯人 (éluósīrén)
• 俄羅斯文／俄罗斯文 (éluósīwén)
• 俄羅斯方塊／俄罗斯方块 (Éluósī Fāngkuài)
• 俄羅斯沙拉／俄罗斯沙拉 (Éluósī shālā)

• 俄羅斯聯邦／俄罗斯联邦 (Éluósī Liánbāng)
• 俄羅斯語／俄罗斯语 (éluósīyǔ)
• 俄羅斯輪盤／俄罗斯轮盘 (Éluósīlúnpán)
• 大俄羅斯主義／大俄罗斯主义 (dà éluósī zhǔyì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (俄羅斯):

• → Japanese: 俄(オ)羅(ロ)斯(ス) (Orosu); 俄(オ)羅(ロ)斯(シャ) (Orosha)
• → Korean: 아라사(俄羅斯) (Arasa)
• → Vietnamese: Nga La Tư (俄羅斯)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
俄	羅	斯
オ Jinmeiyō (ateji)	ロ Grade: S (ateji)	ス Jinmeiyō (ateji)
irregular	irregular	tōon

From Mandarin 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (éluósī).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [o̞ɾo̞sɨᵝ]

Proper noun

俄(オ)羅(ロ)斯(ス) • (Orosu) 

1. (dated, rare) Russia

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
俄	羅	斯
オ Jinmeiyō (ateji)	ロ Grade: S (ateji)	シャ Jinmeiyō (ateji)
irregular

From Mandarin 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (éluósī), affected by Russian Росси́я (Rossíja).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [o̞ɾo̞ɕa̠]

Proper noun

俄(オ)羅(ロ)斯(シャ) • (Orosha) ^{←オロシヤ (oroshiya)?}

1. (dated, rare) Russia
   • (Can we date this quote?), 森鷗外, 柵草紙の山房論文:

     美(び)術(じゅつ)を評(ひょう)し、文(ぶん)學(がく)を論(ろん)ずるに當(あた)りて、沒(ぼつ)理(り)想(そう)を基(もと)とするものは、獨逸(ドイツ)に文(ぶん)庫(こ) Magazin(マガツィーン) の一黨(いっとう)あり、スカンヂナヰヤにイプセンが餘(よ)流(りゅう)あり、英吉利(イギリス)にも俄羅斯(オロシャ)にもその人(ひと)あれど、概(おほむね)皆(みな)エミル・ゾラを宗(むね)とす。

     Bijutsu o hyōshi, bungaku o ronzuru ni atari te, botsurisō o moto to suru mono wa, Doitsu ni bunko Magatsīn no ittō ari, Sukanjinawiya ni Ipusen ga yoryū ari, Igirisu nimo Orosha nimo sono hito aredo, ohomune mina Emiru Zora o mune tosu.

     (please add an English translation of this example)

Korean

Hanja in this term
俄	羅	斯

Proper noun

俄羅斯 • (Arasa) (hangeul 아라사)

1. Hanja form^? of 아라사 (“(obsolete) Russia”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
俄	羅	斯

Proper noun

俄羅斯

1. chữ Hán form of Nga La Tư (“(obsolete) Russia”).