Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/roocci
 |
This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from North Germanic, although the exact source form and dating is unclear. Ultimately, via the name of Roden (Roslagen), a region in eastern Sweden on the coast of Uppland, akin to Old Norse róðr (“rowing”); see it for more.
Traditionally, held to be borrowed from Old East Norse *rōþs- (as part of *Rōþsland; the Old Norse term is related to the name of Roden.[1] The Old East Norse term is reflected in Old Swedish Roþs, the genitive of Roþer (“Roslagen, Roden”). An alternative etymology suggests that the Finnic term is instead from a syncopated form like *rōþʀ or *rōðʀ.
Schalin (2014) points out that both of these explanations have problems. For the former, it is notably not certain that *rōþs is even a correct (or rather, a chronologically accurate) genitive form, which may have instead been *rōþ(r)aʀ or *rōþrs. The alternative proposal of a syncopated form poses its own issues.[2] The final consonant cluster in *rōþrs could perhaps conceivably have been reduced to *-cc-.
Reconstruction
[edit]This term is not traditionally reconstructed to Proto-Finnic, as most traditional chronologies date Proto-Finnic to be older than this word (from approximately the eighth century AD). According to Kallio (2014) however, this word is at least Common Finnic, being among some of the final words common between all Finnic languages.[3]
Noun
[edit]*roocci
Inflection
[edit]| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *roocci | *rooc'it | |
| accusative | *rooc'in | *rooc'it | |
| genitive | *rooc'in | *rooccidën *rooccëjidën | |
| partitive | *rooccida | *rooccëjita | |
| inessive | *rooc'issa *rooc'ihna |
*rooccëjissa *rooccëjihna | |
| elative | *rooc'ista | *rooccëjista | |
| illative | *rooccihën | *rooccëjisën | |
| adessive | *rooc'illa | *rooccëjilla | |
| ablative | *rooc'ilta | *rooccëjilta | |
| allative | *rooccilën *rooccilëk |
*rooccëjilën *rooccëjilëk | |
| essive | *rooccina | *rooccëjina | |
| translative | *rooc'iksi | *rooccëjiksi | |
| instructive | *rooc'in | *rooccëjin | |
| comitative | *rooccinëk | *rooccëjinëk | |
| abessive | *rooc'itta | *rooccëjitta | |
Descendants
[edit]- Estonian: rootsi, Rootsi, (archaic) roots
- Finnish: ruotsi, Ruotsi
- Ingrian: rootsi, Rootsi
- Karelian:
- Livonian: rūotš, Rūotšmǭ
- Livvi: ruočči, Ruočči
- Ludian: ruoč
- Veps: Ročinma
- Võro: ru̬u̬tś, Roodsi
- Votic: roottsi
- → Old East Slavic: Русь (Rusĭ) (see there for further descendants)
- → Old Novgorodian: Роусь (Rusĭ)
- → Proto-Permic:
- → Proto-Samic:
References
[edit]- ^ Mikko K. Heikkilä, Bidrag till Fennoskandiens språkliga förhistoria i tid och rum (2014). p. 189
- ^ Schalin, Johan: Scandinavian–Finnish Language Contact in the Viking Age in the Light of Borrowed Names. Joonas Ahola & Frog (eds.), Fibula, Fabula, Fact: The Viking Age in Finland, p. 428. Studia Fennica Historica 18 (2014)
- ^ Kallio, Petri: The Diversification of Proto-Finnic Joonas Ahola & Frog (eds.), Fibula, Fabula, Fact: The Viking Age in Finland, pp. 155-168. Studia Fennica Historica 18 (2014)[1]
Further reading
[edit]- Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), “Ruotsi”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN