cà

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ca"

Emilian

Emiliano-Romagnolo Wikipedia has an article on:

cà

Wikipedia ^eml

Alternative forms

chèśa (Bolognese)

Etymology

From Latin casa.

Noun

cà f (plural cà)

house

Synonyms

abitasiòun (Carpigiano)
abitasiòṅ (Mirandolese)

Lombard

Etymology

Akin to Italian casa, from Latin.

Noun

cà f

house

Mandarin

Alternative forms

ca — nonstandard

Romanization

cà (ca⁴, Zhuyin ㄘㄚˋ)

Hanyu Pinyin reading of 囃
Hanyu Pinyin reading of 磣 / 碜

Portuguese

Adverb

cà (not comparable)

obsolete spelling of cá

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kʰaː/^[1]

Adverb

cà

Colloquial apocopic form of càite (“where”)
Cà 'l thu dol? ― Where you going?

Cà na chuir thu e? ― Where'd you put him?

References

^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1941), “The dialects of Skye and Ross-shire”, in A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, volume II, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

Tày

Pronunciation

(Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA^(key): [kaː˧˨]
(Trùng Khánh) IPA^(key): [gʱaː˩]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Tai *ɣaːᴬ (“thatch grass”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨤᩣ, Lao ຄາ (khā), Lü ᦆᦱ (xaa), Shan ၶႃး (kháa), Tai Nüa ᥑᥣᥰ (xäa), Ahom 𑜁𑜡 (khā), Thai คา (kaa). Compare Proto-Hlai *Ciɦaː (“thatch grass”) (> haː¹~zaː¹~hjaː¹ across the different lects), Sui yal (“thatch grass”).

Noun

cà (Nôm form 𬞢, 𪲾)

thatch grass
nhả cà ― thatch grass

rườn cà ― thatched house

Tàng bấu pây rộc nhả cà.
(please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Chinese 枷 (OC *ɡa, *ɡal, *kraːl, “cangue”). Cognate with Lao ຄາ (khā), Lü ᦅᦱ (kaa), Saek ค๊า, Thai คา (kaa).

Verb

cà (歌)

to be entangled in
coóc bẻ cà lị ― a goat's horn entangled in a fence
to choke on
Synonym: cạng

cảng pja cà cò ― to choke on a bone while eating fish

Etymology 3

Adjective

cà (𦖊, 呵)

that; yonder

Particle

cà

Final affirmative particle for emphasis or contrast
Ay, lèo chin da chắng đây cà.
If you're sick, you have to use medicine to cure it.

Đảy dá cà.
Should be alright.

Te mà thâng dá cà.
But they're already home.

Derived terms

nêm cà

Etymology 4

Compare ca.

Prefix

cà

Meaningless, occasionally intensifying prefix used in certain nouns and adjectives

Derived terms

Etymology 5

Verb

cà

to swell
Synonyms: phoọc, câư, pạo

U ca khẩn.
The breast is swelling up.

References

Lương Bèn (2011), Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎^[1][2] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
Dương Nhật Thanh; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎^[3] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]
Léopold Michel Cadière (1910), Dictionnaire Tày-Annamite-Français [Tày-Vietnamese-French Dictionary]‎^[4] (in French), Hanoi: Impressions d'Extrême-Orient

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [kaː˨˩]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [kaː˦˩]
(Saigon) IPA^(key): [kaː˨˩]
Audio (Saigon): (file)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Vietic *gaː. Alves (2022) considers this to be borrowed from Chinese^[1] and thus

non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 茄 (SV: gia); compare 茄 (OC *ɡa) (ZS).

Noun

(classifier cây, quả, trái) cà • (茄, 𣖚, 柯, 𪲾, 𣘁, 𫉸)

Any plant of the Solanaceae family, including the eggplant, tomato, various nightshades, etc. but excluding potato and chili peppers
cà dầm tương ― a type of egglant (cà bát) soaked in a local soy sauce

Usage notes

While belonging to the Solanaceae family, potato is called khoai tây (literally, “western yam”), and chili peppers are called ớt, supplanting the possible original meaning "cubeb".

Derived terms

References

^ Alves, Mark (2022), “Lexical Evidence of the Vietic Household Before and After Language Contact with Sinitic”, in Vietnamese: Linguistics: State of the Field (JSEALS Special Publication; 9), page 48-49 of 15-58

Etymology 2

Possibly related to cạ.

Verb

cà

to rub

Etymology 3

This prefix might have an allomorph cù, seen in cù nhây, cù bơ cù bất.

Prefix

cà • (𣘁)

repetitive prefix used for some verbs

Derived terms

[1] Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1941), “The dialects of Skye and Ross-shire”, in A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, volume II, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

[2] Alves, Mark (2022), “Lexical Evidence of the Vietic Household Before and After Language Contact with Sinitic”, in Vietnamese: Linguistics: State of the Field (JSEALS Special Publication; 9), page 48-49 of 15-58

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