消長
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Chinese
[edit]consume; news; subside consume; news; subside; to disappear; to vanish |
long; length; forever long; length; forever; always; constantly; chief; head; elder; to grow; to develop | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (消長) | 消 | 長 | |
simp. (消长) | 消 | 长 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): siu1 zoeng2
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siau-tióng
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ ㄓㄤˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siaojhǎng
- Wade–Giles: hsiao1-chang3
- Yale: syāu-jǎng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiaujaang
- Palladius: сяочжан (sjaočžan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: siu1 zoeng2
- Yale: sīu jéung
- Cantonese Pinyin: siu1 dzoeng2
- Guangdong Romanization: xiu1 zêng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːu̯⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siau-tióng
- Tâi-lô: siau-tióng
- Phofsit Daibuun: siau'diorng
- IPA (Xiamen): /siau⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /siau³³ tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /siau⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁵³/
- IPA (Taipei): /siau⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /siau⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien)
Verb
[edit]消長
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
消 | 長 |
しょう Grade: 3 |
ちょう Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]消長 • (shōchō) ←せうちやう (seutyau)?
Verb
[edit]消長する • (shōchō suru) intransitive suru (stem 消長し (shōchō shi), past 消長した (shōchō shita))
- to prosper and decline
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "消長する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 消長し | しょうちょうし | shōchō shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 消長し | しょうちょうし | shōchō shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 消長する | しょうちょうする | shōchō suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 消長する | しょうちょうする | shōchō suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 消長すれ | しょうちょうすれ | shōchō sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 消長せよ¹ 消長しろ² |
しょうちょうせよ¹ しょうちょうしろ² |
shōchō seyo¹ shōchō shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 消長される | しょうちょうされる | shōchō sareru | |
Causative | 消長させる 消長さす |
しょうちょうさせる しょうちょうさす |
shōchō saseru shōchō sasu | |
Potential | 消長できる | しょうちょうできる | shōchō dekiru | |
Volitional | 消長しよう | しょうちょうしよう | shōchō shiyō | |
Negative | 消長しない | しょうちょうしない | shōchō shinai | |
Negative continuative | 消長せず | しょうちょうせず | shōchō sezu | |
Formal | 消長します | しょうちょうします | shōchō shimasu | |
Perfective | 消長した | しょうちょうした | shōchō shita | |
Conjunctive | 消長して | しょうちょうして | shōchō shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 消長すれば | しょうちょうすれば | shōchō sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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