roughly

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

English rough

Proto-Indo-European *leyg-der.

Proto-Germanic *līkąder.

Proto-Germanic *-līkaz

Proto-Germanic *-ê

Proto-Germanic *-līkê

Proto-West Germanic *-līkē

Old English -līċe

Middle English -ly

English -ly

English roughly

From rough + -ly.

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /ˈɹʌf.li/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʌfli

Adverb

roughly (comparative roughlier or more roughly, superlative roughliest or most roughly)

1. In a rough manner; without kindness, softness, or gentleness.

   Synonyms: harshly, rudely, severely, austerely

   • 1966, James Workman, The Mad Emperor, Melbourne, Sydney: Scripts, page 60:

     They treated the prisoners roughly [...] slashing pitilessly with their whips to drive them as wretched animals before them.

2. Unevenly or irregularly.
3. Without precision or exactness; imprecisely but close to in quantity or amount; approximately.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:approximately

   • 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 259:

     Satanism can be divided, roughly, into two branches: the Luciferians and the Palladists.

   • 2013 December 6, Alok Jha, “A deadly disease could travel at jet speed around the world. How do we stop it in time?”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 26, page 27:

     Of the roughly 400 emerging infectious diseases that have been identified since 1940, more than 60% are zoonotic: ie they came from animals. Throughout history this has been common.

Derived terms

• roughly speaking

Translations

in a rough manner

• Bulgarian: грубо (bg) (grubo)
• Catalan: grossament (ca)
• Czech: hrubě (cs)
• Finnish: karkeasti (fi), kovaa (fi), karheasti (fi)
• French: rudement (fr)
• Georgian: უხეშად (uxešad)
• German: grob (de)
• Hungarian: durván (hu), gorombán, nyersen (hu)
• Latin: asperē
• Navajo: tʼáá naʼńleʼee
• Portuguese: rudemente (pt), precariamente (pt), a grosso modo
• Russian: гру́бо (ru) (grúbo)
• Sanskrit: रभसा (sa) (rabhasā)
• Spanish: toscamente (es)
• Turkish: kabaca (tr)

unevenly — see also unevenly,‎ irregularly,‎ ununiformly

• Bulgarian: неравно (bg) (neravno)
• Dutch: grofweg (nl)
• Finnish: karkeasti (fi)
• French: approximativement (fr)
• German: uneben (de)
• Hungarian: durván (hu), egyenetlenül
• Italian: aprprossimativamente, a grosso modo
• Portuguese: aproximadamente (pt), a grosso modo
• Russian: неро́вно (ru) (neróvno), гру́бо (ru) (grúbo)
• Swedish: ungefär (sv)

approximately — see also approximately,‎ grosso modo,‎ more or less,‎ around,‎ circa,‎ some

• Spanish: a grandes rasgos (es)

Anagrams

• Loughry