топ
Bulgarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): [tɔp]
Audio (Standard Bulgarian): (file) - Rhymes: -ɔp
Etymology 1
[edit]Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طوپ (top, “ball, clump”).
Noun
[edit]топ • (top) m (relational adjective топо́вен, diminutive то́пче)
- (originally) cannonball, bullet (round projectile)
- Synonym: гюле́ (gjulé)
- → (by methonymic generalization) cannon
- хвърлям топа (idiom) ― hvǎrljam topa ― to kick the bucket (literally, “to shoot the cannonball”)
- bundle, roll, pellet, round clump
Usage notes
[edit]In the modern language, the two meanings of the word are often interpreted as separate lemmas, but etymologically they share the same origin.
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | топ top |
то́пове, топо́ве tópove, topóve |
| definite (subject form) |
то́път tópǎt |
то́повете, топо́вете tópovete, topóvete |
| definite (object form) |
то́па tópa | |
| count form | — | то́па tópa |
Derived terms
[edit]- то́пам (tópam, “to bounce a ball”)
- то́пка (tópka, “ball”)
- топчи́я (topčíja, “artilleryman”)
- топхана́ (tophaná, “arsenal, armory warehouse”) (historical, obsolete)
Related terms
[edit]- топу́з (topúz, “cudgel, mace”) (historical, dialectal)
References
[edit]- “топ²”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “топ¹”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- “топ”, in БЕРОН (Български езикови ресурси онлайн) [BERON (Bulgarian Language Resources Online)] (in Bulgarian), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2024
Further reading
[edit]- Nayden Gerov; Тодор Панчев (1904), “*топъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 347
- Krǎsteva, Vesela (2003), “топ”, in Тълковен речник на турцизмите в българския език [Explanatory Dictionary of Turkisms in the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Skorpio vi, page 200
Etymology 2
[edit]Calque of Classical Persian رخ (rux, “battle tower”).
Noun
[edit]топ • (top) m
- (chess) rook (a piece shaped like a castle tower, that can be moved only up, down, left or right (but not diagonally) or in castling)
- Synonym: тур (tur)
See also
[edit]| Chess pieces in Bulgarian · шахматни фигури (šahmatni figuri) (layout · text) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| цар (car) | царица (carica) | топ (top) | офицер (oficer) | кон (kon) | пешка (peška) |
Etymology 3
[edit]Adjective
[edit]топ • (top) (indeclinable)
Derived terms
[edit]- тип-топ (tip-top)
Noun
[edit]топ • (top) m
- (colloquial) top (garment worn to cover the torso)
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | топ top |
то́пове tópove |
| definite (subject form) |
то́път tópǎt |
то́повете tópovete |
| definite (object form) |
то́па tópa | |
| count form | — | то́па tópa |
References
[edit]- “топ²”, in ЛексИт [LexIt] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
Anagrams
[edit]Chechen
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Turkic, compare Azerbaijani top.
Noun
[edit]топ • (top)
Kazakh
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]топ • (top)
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | топ (top) | топтар (toptar) |
| genitive | топтың (toptyñ) | топтардың (toptardyñ) |
| dative | топқа (topqa) | топтарға (toptarğa) |
| accusative | топты (topty) | топтарды (toptardy) |
| locative | топта (topta) | топтарда (toptarda) |
| ablative | топтан (toptan) | топтардан (toptardan) |
| instrumental | топпен (toppen) | топтармен (toptarmen) |
| similative | топтай (toptai) | топтардай (toptardai) |
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- топтау (toptau)
- топтама (toptama), топтамалау (toptamalau)
- топты (topty)
- топтық (toptyq)
- топшы (topşy)
Kyrgyz
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]топ • (top) (Arabic spelling توپ)
Declension
[edit]| singular (жекелик) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| possession → case ↓ |
— | first-person singular (менин) |
second-person singular informal (сенин) |
second-person singular formal (сиздин) |
third-person singular/plural (анын/алардын) |
first-person plural (биздин) |
second-person plural informal (силердин) |
second-person plural formal (сиздердин) |
| nominative (атооч) | топ top |
тобум tobum |
тобуң tobuŋ |
тобуңуз tobuŋuz |
тобу tobu |
тобубуз tobubuz |
тобуңар tobuŋar |
тобуңуздар tobuŋuzdar |
| genitive (илик) | топтун toptun |
тобумдун tobumdun |
тобуңдун tobuŋdun |
тобуңуздун tobuŋuzdun |
тобунун tobunun |
тобубуздун tobubuzdun |
тобуңардын tobuŋardın |
тобуңуздардын tobuŋuzdardın |
| dative (барыш) | топко topko |
тобума tobuma |
тобуңа tobuŋa |
тобуңузга tobuŋuzga |
тобуна tobuna |
тобубузга tobubuzga |
тобуңарга tobuŋarga |
тобуңуздарга tobuŋuzdarga |
| accusative (табыш) | топту toptu |
тобумду tobumdu |
тобуңду tobuŋdu |
тобуңузду tobuŋuzdu |
тобун tobun |
тобубузду tobubuzdu |
тобуңарды tobuŋardı |
тобуңуздарды tobuŋuzdardı |
| locative (жатыш) | топто topto |
тобумда tobumda |
тобуңда tobuŋda |
тобуңузда tobuŋuzda |
тобунда tobunda |
тобубузда tobubuzda |
тобуңарда tobuŋarda |
тобуңуздарда tobuŋuzdarda |
| ablative (чыгыш) | топтон topton |
тобумдан tobumdan |
тобуңдан tobuŋdan |
тобуңуздан tobuŋuzdan |
тобунан tobunan |
тобубуздан tobubuzdan |
тобуңардан tobuŋardan |
тобуңуздардан tobuŋuzdardan |
| plural (көптөгөн) | ||||||||
| possession → case ↓ |
— | first-person singular (менин) |
second-person singular informal (сенин) |
second-person singular formal (сиздин) |
third-person singular/plural (анын/алардын) |
first-person plural (биздин) |
second-person plural informal (силердин) |
second-person plural formal (сиздердин) |
| nominative (атооч) | топтор toptor |
топторум toptorum |
топторуң toptoruŋ |
топторуңуз toptoruŋuz |
топтору toptoru |
топторубуз toptorubuz |
топторуңар toptoruŋar |
топторуңуздар toptoruŋuzdar |
| genitive (илик) | топтордун toptordun |
топторумдун toptorumdun |
топторуңдун toptoruŋdun |
топторуңуздун toptoruŋuzdun |
топторунун toptorunun |
топторубуздун toptorubuzdun |
топторуңардын toptoruŋardın |
топторуңуздардын toptoruŋuzdardın |
| dative (барыш) | топторго toptorgo |
топторума toptoruma |
топторуңа toptoruŋa |
топторуңузга toptoruŋuzga |
топторуна toptoruna |
топторубузга toptorubuzga |
топторуңарга toptoruŋarga |
топторуңуздарга toptoruŋuzdarga |
| accusative (табыш) | топторду toptordu |
топторумду toptorumdu |
топторуңду toptoruŋdu |
топторуңузду toptoruŋuzdu |
топторун toptorun |
топторубузду toptorubuzdu |
топторуңарды toptoruŋardı |
топторуңуздарды toptoruŋuzdardı |
| locative (жатыш) | топтордо toptordo |
топторумда toptorumda |
топторуңда toptoruŋda |
топторуңузда toptoruŋuzda |
топторунда toptorunda |
топторубузда toptorubuzda |
топторуңарда toptoruŋarda |
топторуңуздарда toptoruŋuzdarda |
| ablative (чыгыш) | топтордон toptordon |
топторумдан toptorumdan |
топторуңдан toptoruŋdan |
топторуңуздан toptoruŋuzdan |
топторунан toptorunan |
топторубуздан toptorubuzdan |
топторуңардан toptoruŋardan |
топторуңуздардан toptoruŋuzdardan |
Derived terms
[edit]Macedonian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طوپ (top).
Noun
[edit]топ • (top) m (relational adjective топовски)
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | топ (top) | топови (topovi) |
| definite unspecified | топот (topot) | топовите (topovite) |
| definite proximal | топов (topov) | топовиве (topovive) |
| definite distal | топон (topon) | топовине (topovine) |
| vocative | топу (topu) | топови (topovi) |
| count form | — | топа (topa) |
Etymology 2
[edit]Adjective
[edit]топ • (top) (indeclinable, not comparable)
Adverb
[edit]топ • (top) (not comparable)
Russian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Borrowed from Dutch top, English top, or Low German Topp.
Noun
[edit]топ • (top) m inan (genitive то́па, nominative plural то́пы, genitive plural то́пов, diminutive то́пик)
Declension
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Onomatopoeic.
Interjection
[edit]топ • (top)
- stamp (sound of stamping when walking)
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طوپ (top).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]то̏п m inan or m anim (Latin spelling tȍp)
Declension
[edit]- inanimate (cannon)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | топ | топови |
| genitive | топа | топова |
| dative | топу | топовима |
| accusative | топ | топове |
| vocative | топе | топови |
| locative | топу | топовима |
| instrumental | топом | топовима |
- animate (rook)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | топ | топови |
| genitive | топа | топова |
| dative | топу | топовима |
| accusative | топа | топове |
| vocative | топе | топови |
| locative | топу | топовима |
| instrumental | топом | топовима |
See also
[edit]| Chess pieces in Serbo-Croatian · šahovske figure / шаховске фигуре (layout · text) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| kralj краљ |
dama, kraljica дама, краљица |
top, kula топ, кула |
lovac, trkač, laufer ловац, тркач, лауфер |
skakač, konj скакач, коњ |
pješak, pešak, pion, pijun пјешак, пешак, пион, пијун |
Southern Altai
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Turkic *top.
Noun
[edit]топ • (top)
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| absolute | топ (top) | топтор (toptor) |
| definite genitive | топтыҥ (toptïŋ) | топтордыҥ (toptordïŋ) |
| dative | топко (topko) | топторго (toptorgo) |
| definite accusative | топты (toptï) | топторды (toptordï) |
| locative | топто (topto) | топтордо (toptordo) |
| ablative | топтоҥ (toptoŋ) | топтордоҥ (toptordoŋ) |
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Räsänen, Martti (1969), Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 489
- Bulgarian 1-syllable words
- Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bulgarian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Bulgarian/ɔp
- Rhymes:Bulgarian/ɔp/1 syllable
- Bulgarian terms borrowed from Ottoman Turkish
- Bulgarian terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian nouns
- Bulgarian masculine nouns
- Bulgarian terms with usage examples
- Bulgarian terms calqued from Classical Persian
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- bg:Chess
- Bulgarian terms borrowed from English
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- Bulgarian adjectives
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- bg:Firearms
- bg:Ship parts
- bg:Artillery
- bg:Clothing
- Chechen terms derived from Turkic languages
- Chechen lemmas
- Chechen nouns
- Kazakh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kazakh lemmas
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- kk:Mathematics
- Kyrgyz terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kyrgyz lemmas
- Kyrgyz nouns
- ky:Mathematics
- Macedonian 1-syllable words
- Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Macedonian oxytone terms
- Macedonian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Macedonian/ɔp
- Rhymes:Macedonian/ɔp/1 syllable
- Macedonian terms borrowed from Ottoman Turkish
- Macedonian terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Macedonian lemmas
- Macedonian nouns
- Macedonian masculine nouns
- Macedonian masculine nouns with plurals in -ови
- Macedonian terms borrowed from English
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- Macedonian adjectives
- Macedonian indeclinable adjectives
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- mk:Weapons
- Russian 1-syllable words
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- Russian nouns
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- Russian interjections
- ru:Ship parts
- Serbo-Croatian terms borrowed from Ottoman Turkish
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine inanimate nouns
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- sh:Chess
- Southern Altai terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
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