axial

English

Alternative forms

• axical

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-?

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs-der.

Proto-Italic *aksis

Latin axisbor.

English axis

English -al

English axial

From axis + -al.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈæk.sɪ.əl/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈæk.si.əl/

Adjective

axial (comparative more axial, superlative most axial)

1. Relating to, resembling, or situated on an axis
   • 1965 November 6, G. Colombo, “Rotational Period of the Planet Mercury”, in Nature, volume 208, number 575, →DOI:

     The axial asymmetry of Mercury's inertia ellipsoid may result in a torque that counterbalances the tidal torque

2. (anatomy) Belonging to the axis of the body, or to the axis of any appendage or organ

   the axial skeleton

   the axial bones

   • 2023, Simon Mays, “The Macroscopic Study of Human Skeletal Paleopathology” (chapter 2), in The Routledge Handbook of Paleopathology, Routledge, →DOI, →ISBN, page 27:

     Among the hypothesized diagnoses was metastatic carcinoma. In metastatic cancer, metastases are most frequent in the axial skeleton and are rare in the distal parts of the appendicular skeleton […].

3. (botany) In the same direction as the axis, parallel to the axis.

   The secondary xylem usually consists of axial and radial elements.

4. (physical chemistry, organic chemistry) Oriented parallel to the axis running through the centre of a cyclohexane ring, as opposed to equatorial. See Axial bond.

Coordinate terms

dentistry location adjectivesedit

• anterior
• apical
• apicocoronal
• axial
• buccal
• buccoapical
• buccocervical
• buccogingival
• buccolabial
• buccolingual
• bucco-occlusal
• buccopalatal
• cervical
• coronal
• coronoapical
• distal
• distoapical
• distobuccal
• distocclusal
• distocervical
• distoclusal
• distocoronal
• distofacial
• distogingival
• distoincisal
• distolingual
• disto-occlusal
• distopalatal
• facial
• gingival
• incisal
• incisocervical
• inferior
• labial
• lingual
• linguobuccal
• linguo-occlusal
• mandibular
• maxillary
• mesial
• mesioapical
• mesiobuccal
• mesiocclusal
• mesiocervical
• mesioclusal
• mesiocoronal
• mesiodistal
• mesiofacial
• mesiogingival
• mesioincisal
• mesiolingual
• mesio-occlusal
• mesiopalatal
• occlusal
• palatal
• posterior
• proximal
• superior
• vestibular

Derived terms

• antiaxial
• atlantoaxial
• axial chirality
• axiality
• axial lead
• axial lobe
• axially
• axial mining
• axial plane
• axial point
• axial precession
• axial tilt
• axial vector
• axipolar
• buccoaxial
• co-axial
• computed axial tomography
• diaxial
• epaxial
• equiaxial
• extraaxial
• hexaxial
• hypaxial
• hypoaxial
• interaxial
• intraaxial
• mesoaxial
• microaxial
• monaxial
• monoaxial
• neuroaxial
• nonaxial
• occipitoaxial
• orthaxial
• paraxial
• periaxial
• pluriaxial
• polyaxial
• postaxial
• preaxial
• pseudoaxial
• quadriaxial
• subaxial
• tetraxial
• transaxial
• tri-axial

Translations

of or pertaining to an axis

• Armenian: առանցքային (hy) (aṙancʻkʻayin)
• Bulgarian: осов (osov), аксиален (aksialen)
• Catalan: axial
• Czech: osový (cs), axiální (cs)
• Danish: aksial
• Esperanto: aksa
• Finnish: aksiaalinen (fi)
• French: axial (fr)
• German: axial (de), achsig
• Greek: αξονικός (el) (axonikós)
• Irish: aiseach
• Italian: assiale (it)
• Kazakh: өстік (östık)
• Latin: articulatio
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: aksial (no)

  Nynorsk: aksial

• Polish: osiowy m
• Romanian: axial (ro) m, axială f
• Russian: осево́й (ru) (osevój)
• Spanish: axial, axil

belonging to the axis of the body

• Finnish: aksiaalinen (fi)
• French: axial (fr)
• Irish: aiseach
• Polish: osiowy m

botany: in the same direction as the axis

• Finnish: aksiaalinen (fi)
• French: axial (fr)
• Irish: aiseach

See also

• abaxial
• adaxial
• biaxial
• coaxial
• multiaxial
• triaxial
• uniaxial

Noun

axial (plural axials)

1. (ornithology) A flight feather that appears between the primaries and secondaries on some birds.
2. (dentistry) A plane parallel to the surface of a tooth.

French

Etymology

From axe +‎ -ial.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ak.sjal/

Adjective

axial (feminine axiale, masculine plural axiaux, feminine plural axiales)

1. axial

Related terms

• axe
• axer

Further reading

• “axial”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aˈksi̯aːl/

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

Adjective

axial (strong nominative masculine singular axialer, not comparable)

1. axial

Declension

Positive forms of axial (uncomparable)

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist axial	sie ist axial	es ist axial	sie sind axial
strong declension (without article)	nominative	axialer	axiale	axiales	axiale
	genitive	axialen	axialer	axialen	axialer
	dative	axialem	axialer	axialem	axialen
	accusative	axialen	axiale	axiales	axiale
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der axiale	die axiale	das axiale	die axialen
	genitive	des axialen	der axialen	des axialen	der axialen
	dative	dem axialen	der axialen	dem axialen	den axialen
	accusative	den axialen	die axiale	das axiale	die axialen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein axialer	eine axiale	ein axiales	(keine) axialen
	genitive	eines axialen	einer axialen	eines axialen	(keiner) axialen
	dative	einem axialen	einer axialen	einem axialen	(keinen) axialen
	accusative	einen axialen	eine axiale	ein axiales	(keine) axialen

Derived terms

• koaxial

Further reading

• “axial”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache‎^[1] (in German)
• “axial” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ak.siˈaw/ [ak.sɪˈaʊ̯], (faster pronunciation) /akˈsjaw/ [akˈsjaʊ̯]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐˈksjal/ [ɐˈksjaɫ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐˈksjal/ [ɐˈksjaɫ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐˈksja.li/

• Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
• Hyphenation: a‧xi‧al

Adjective

axial m or f (plural axiais)

1. axial (of or relating to an axis)

Derived terms

• axialmente
• coaxial

Related terms

• eixo

Further reading

• “axial”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “axial”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French axial.

Adjective

axial m or n (feminine singular axială, masculine plural axiali, feminine/neuter plural axiale)

1. axial

Declension

Declension of axial

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative- accusative	indefinite	axial		axială	axiali	axiale
	definite	axialul		axiala	axialii	axialele
genitive- dative	indefinite	axial		axiale	axiali	axiale
	definite	axialului		axialei	axialilor	axialelor

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aɡˈsjal/ [aɣ̞ˈsjal]
• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: a‧xial

Adjective

axial m or f (masculine and feminine plural axiales)

1. axial

   Synonym: axil

Derived terms

• axialmente

Related terms

• eje

Further reading

• “axial”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025