dementia

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *de

Proto-Indo-European *-h₁

Proto-Indo-European *déh₁

Proto-Italic *dē

Latin dē

Latin dē-

Proto-Indo-European *men-

Proto-Indo-European *-tis

Proto-Indo-European *méntis

Proto-Italic *mentis

Latin mēns

Latin dēment-

Proto-Indo-European *-yós

Proto-Italic *-ios

Old Latin -ios

Latin -ius

Latin -ia

Latin dēmentiabor.

English dementia

Borrowed from Latin dēmentia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɪˈmɛnʃə/

• Audio (UK):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛnʃə

Noun

dementia (usually uncountable, plural dementias or dementiae)

1. (pathology) A progressive decline in cognitive function due to damage or disease in the brain beyond what might be expected from normal aging. Areas particularly affected include memory, attention, judgement, language and problem solving.
   • 2013 May-June, Charles T. Ambrose, “Alzheimer’s Disease”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 200:

     Similar studies of rats have employed four different intracranial resorbable, slow sustained release systems— […]. Such a slow-release device containing angiogenic factors could be placed on the pia mater covering the cerebral cortex and tested in persons with senile dementia in long term studies.

   • 2018 January 18, Jürgen Götz, “Why it’s so hard to treat dementia”, in CNN‎^[1]:

     In recent years some clinical trials involving potential dementia drugs have had disappointing setbacks.

2. Madness or insanity.

Derived terms

• academentia
• antidementia
• dementia café
• dementia dialytica
• dementialike
• dementia paralytica
• dementia praecox
• dementia precox
• dementia pugilistica
• familial British dementia
• infantile dementia
• nondementia
• paralytic dementia
• predementia
• pseudodementia
• pseudopseudodementia
• semidementia
• senile dementia
• steroid dementia
• vascular dementia

Related terms

• amentia
• demented
• demential

Translations

progressive decline in cognitive function

• Arabic: خَرَف m (ḵaraf)
• Azerbaijani: demensiya
• Bulgarian: деме́нция f (deméncija)
• Catalan: demència (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 癡呆 / 痴呆 (zh) (chīdāi), 失智症 (zh) (shīzhìzhèng)

• Cornish: demencya
• Czech: demence (cs) f
• Danish: demens (da) c
• Dutch: dementie (nl) f
• Esperanto: demenco
• Finnish: dementia (fi)
• French: démence (fr) f
• Georgian: დემენცია (demencia)
• German: Demenz (de) f
• Greek: άνοια (el) f (ánoia)
• Hindi: मनोभ्रंश (manobhrañś)
• Hungarian: elbutulás (hu)
• Icelandic: heilabilun (is) f
• Ido: dementeso (io)
• Irish: néaltrú m
• Italian: demenza (it) f
• Japanese: 認知症 (ja) (にんちしょう, ninchishō)
• Kazakh: ақыл кемдігі (aqyl kemdıgı)
• Korean: 치매 (chimae)
• Lithuanian: silpnaprotystė f
• Māori: mate wareware, mate korongenge
• Persian: زوال عقل (fa) (zavâl-e 'aql), دمانس (demâns)
• Polish: demencja (pl) f, otępienie n
• Portuguese: demência (pt) f
• Russian: деме́нция (ru) f (deméncija), слабоу́мие (ru) n (slaboúmije)
• Spanish: demencia (es) f
• Swedish: demens (sv) c
• Turkish: demans (tr)
• Ukrainian: деме́нція f (deméncija), слабоу́мство n (slaboúmstvo)
• Vietnamese: suy giảm trí nhớ, chứng mất trí
• Welsh: gorffwylltra m

madness or insanity

• Bulgarian: слабоу́мие (bg) n (slaboúmie)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 瘋病 / 疯病 (zh) (fēngbìng)

• Esperanto: demenco
• French: démence (fr) f
• Greek: άνοια (el) f (ánoia)
• Hungarian: ostobaság (hu)
• Lithuanian: demencija f
• Portuguese: demência (pt) f, insanidade (pt) f, loucura (pt) f
• Russian: слабоу́мие (ru) n (slaboúmije)
• Spanish: demencia (es) f, locura (es) f

See also

• amentia
• Alzheimer's disease
• delirium

Anagrams

• Demetian, Mendaite, Mendieta, Tiedeman, matineed

Finnish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin dementia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdement(ː)iɑ/, [ˈde̞me̞n̪(t̪̚)ˌt̪iɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -iɑ
• Syllabification^(key): de‧men‧ti‧a
• Hyphenation^(key): de‧men‧tia

Noun

dementia

1. dementia

Declension

Inflection of dementia (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)
nominative		dementia	dementiat
genitive		dementian	dementioiden dementioitten
partitive		dementiaa	dementioita
illative		dementiaan	dementioihin
		singular	plural
nominative		dementia	dementiat
accusative	nom.	dementia	dementiat
	gen.	dementian
genitive		dementian	dementioiden dementioitten dementiain rare
partitive		dementiaa	dementioita
inessive		dementiassa	dementioissa
elative		dementiasta	dementioista
illative		dementiaan	dementioihin
adessive		dementialla	dementioilla
ablative		dementialta	dementioilta
allative		dementialle	dementioille
essive		dementiana	dementioina
translative		dementiaksi	dementioiksi
abessive		dementiatta	dementioitta
instructive		—	dementioin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of dementia (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative dementiani dementiani accusative nom. dementiani dementiani gen. dementiani genitive dementiani dementioideni dementioitteni dementiaini rare partitive dementiaani dementioitani inessive dementiassani dementioissani elative dementiastani dementioistani illative dementiaani dementioihini adessive dementiallani dementioillani ablative dementialtani dementioiltani allative dementialleni dementioilleni essive dementianani dementioinani translative dementiakseni dementioikseni abessive dementiattani dementioittani instructive — — comitative — dementioineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative dementiasi dementiasi accusative nom. dementiasi dementiasi gen. dementiasi genitive dementiasi dementioidesi dementioittesi dementiaisi rare partitive dementiaasi dementioitasi inessive dementiassasi dementioissasi elative dementiastasi dementioistasi illative dementiaasi dementioihisi adessive dementiallasi dementioillasi ablative dementialtasi dementioiltasi allative dementiallesi dementioillesi essive dementianasi dementioinasi translative dementiaksesi dementioiksesi abessive dementiattasi dementioittasi instructive — — comitative — dementioinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative dementiamme dementiamme accusative nom. dementiamme dementiamme gen. dementiamme genitive dementiamme dementioidemme dementioittemme dementiaimme rare partitive dementiaamme dementioitamme inessive dementiassamme dementioissamme elative dementiastamme dementioistamme illative dementiaamme dementioihimme adessive dementiallamme dementioillamme ablative dementialtamme dementioiltamme allative dementiallemme dementioillemme essive dementianamme dementioinamme translative dementiaksemme dementioiksemme abessive dementiattamme dementioittamme instructive — — comitative — dementioinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative dementianne dementianne accusative nom. dementianne dementianne gen. dementianne genitive dementianne dementioidenne dementioittenne dementiainne rare partitive dementiaanne dementioitanne inessive dementiassanne dementioissanne elative dementiastanne dementioistanne illative dementiaanne dementioihinne adessive dementiallanne dementioillanne ablative dementialtanne dementioiltanne allative dementiallenne dementioillenne essive dementiananne dementioinanne translative dementiaksenne dementioiksenne abessive dementiattanne dementioittanne instructive — — comitative — dementioinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative dementiansa dementiansa accusative nom. dementiansa dementiansa gen. dementiansa genitive dementiansa dementioidensa dementioittensa dementiainsa rare partitive dementiaansa dementioitaan dementioitansa inessive dementiassaan dementiassansa dementioissaan dementioissansa elative dementiastaan dementiastansa dementioistaan dementioistansa illative dementiaansa dementioihinsa adessive dementiallaan dementiallansa dementioillaan dementioillansa ablative dementialtaan dementialtansa dementioiltaan dementioiltansa allative dementialleen dementiallensa dementioilleen dementioillensa essive dementianaan dementianansa dementioinaan dementioinansa translative dementiakseen dementiaksensa dementioikseen dementioiksensa abessive dementiattaan dementiattansa dementioittaan dementioittansa instructive — — comitative — dementioineen dementioinensa

Derived terms

• dementikko
• dementoitua

compounds

• lewynkappaledementia

Further reading

• “dementia”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

Latin

Etymology

From dēment- + -ia.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [deːˈmɛn.ti.a]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [deˈmɛn.t͡si.a]

Noun

dēmentia f (genitive dēmentiae); first declension

1. madness, insanity

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	dēmentia	dēmentiae
genitive	dēmentiae	dēmentiārum
dative	dēmentiae	dēmentiīs
accusative	dēmentiam	dēmentiās
ablative	dēmentiā	dēmentiīs
vocative	dēmentia	dēmentiae

Descendants

• → Bulgarian: деме́нция (deméncija)
• → Catalan: demència
• → English: dementia
• → French: démence
  • → Turkish: demans
• → German: Demenz
• → Italian: demenza
• → Portuguese: demência
• → Romanian: demență
• → Russian: деме́нция (deméncija)
• → Spanish: demencia

Adjective

dēmentia

1. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural of dēmēns

References

• “dementia”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “dementia”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “dementia”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “dementia”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “dementia”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin